Principles of Agriculture

1. Principles of Agriculture Recognizing The Role Of Agriculture In Society

2. Lesson Determining The History Of Agriculture

3. Student Learning Objectives • Define agriculture and the agriculture industry • Identify important historical developments in agriculture • Explain major technological developments in agriculture

4. Agriculture industry Agriculture Agribusiness Aquaculture Biotechnology Domestication Farming Forestry Inventions Natural Resources Terms

5. Ornamental Horticulture Suburban Farming Technology Terms (continued)

6. Objective One Define Agriculture and The Agriculture Industry

7. What is Agriculture? • Agriculture is the science of growing crops and raising animals to meet the needs of humans

8. What is the Ag Industry? • Involves all activities involved with providing people with food, clothing, and shelter • Includes farm operations, and • Nonfarm operations • Largest industry in America

9. What are Farming Operations? • Uses land and other resources to grow crops and raise animals • Includes conventional farming, suburban farming, aquaculture, and forestry

10. Conventional Farming • Larger acreage of land growing typical grains of corn, soybeans, wheat, and other similar crops • Producing larger numbers of animals like swine, beef and dairy cattle, and sheep

11. Suburban Farming • Normally involves smaller areas of land • Normally found in residential or business locations • Typical products would include vegetable crops and small animals

12. Aquaculture • “Farming the Water” • Involves raising fish or similar aquatic animals • Also includes producing aquatic plants like water cress or water chestnuts

13. Forestry • Involves the production and use of trees

14. What are Nonfarm Operations? • Normally referred to as Agribusiness • Agribusiness is nonfarm work in areas such as ag supplies, services, marketing, and product processing

15. Agriculture Also Makes the Lives of People Better • Ornamental Horticulture produces flowers and plants for their beauty • Natural Resources involve working with things found in nature like soil, water, and air

16. Objective Two Identify Important Historical Developments in Agriculture

17. Two Important Groups of People That Affected Early Agriculture • Native Americans • Colonists

18. Native Americans • Includes Indians, Hawaiians, and Eskimos • Hunting and gathering met their food and fiber needs • Indians first began simple farming • By 1000 AD, corn is being grown in large plots

19. Colonists • Learned many successful ag practices from Native Americans • Credited with early domestication of animals, which is the taming, confinement, and breeding of animals for human use

20. Objective Three • Explain major technological developments in agriculture

21. What is Technology? • Technology is the application of knowledge to practical use • Uses inventions (new devices, products, or ways of doing work) for easier work and better living

22. History of American Agriculture1776-1990 Farm Machinery and Technology

23. 18th Century • Oxen and Horses used for power • Crude wooden plows • Sowing and cultivating by hand • Harvested grain with sickle • Threshing grain with flail

24. 1776 To 1799 • Cradle and scythe introduced • 1793--Cotton Gin invented • 1794--Thomas Jefferson’s moldboard of least resistance tested • 1797--Charles Newbold patented first cast iron plow • Charles Townsend develops crop rotation systems

25. 1800 To 1830 • 1819--Jethro Wood patented iron plow with interchangeable parts • US food canning industry was established • Gregor Mendel discovers basic principles of heredity

26. 1830’s • 250 hours needed to produce 100 bushels (five acres) of wheat • 1834--McCormick Reaper patented • 1837--John Deere began making steel plows • 1837--Practical Threshing machine patented

27. 1840’s • 1841--Practical grain drill patented • 1842--First grain elevator in Buffalo, New York • 1844--Practical mower patented • 1847--Irrigation begun in Utah • 1849--Mixed chemical fertilizers sold commercially

28. 1850’s • 75 hours needed to produce 100 bushels (2.5 acres) of wheat • 1854--Self-governing windmill perfected • 1856--2 horse straddle-row cultivator patented

29. 1860’s • Use of horses keys first American ag revolution • Gang and sulky plows came into use • 1868--Steam tractors tried out • 1869--Spring-tooth harrow appears • USDA established

30. 1870’s • Silos came into use • Deep well drilling first widely used • 1874--Joseph Glidden patents barbed wire. Era of open range grazing ends

31. 1880’s • 1880--William Deering put 3000 twine binders on the market • 1884--Horse drawn combine used in Pacific Coast wheat areas

32. 1890’s • 1890--Cream separators came into wide use • 50 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (5 acres) wheat • 40 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (2.5 acres) corn

33. 1900 To 1910 • Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 3.7 million tons • George Washington Carver finds new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans. Ag in southern United States diversifies • First successful gas tractor is built

34. 1910 To 1920 • Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 6.1 million tons • Big open-geared gas tractors came into use • 1919--Small prairie type combine with auxiliary engine introduced

35. 1920’s • 1926--Successful light tractor developed • 1926--Cotton stripper developed • Increased ag production results from expanded use of mechanized power

36. 1930’s • Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 6.5 million tons • Rubber tired tractor with complementary machinery came into use • 20 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (2.5 acres) corn

37. 1940’s • One farmer supplies 10.7 other people • Change from horses to tractors leads to second American ag revolution • Frozen foods popularized • Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 13.6 million tons

38. 1950’s • One farmer supplies 15.5 others • 1954--Number of tractors on farms exceeds number of horses for first time • Anhydrous ammonia use increases, spurring higher yields

39. 1960’s • One farmer supplies 25.8 others • Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 32.3 million tons • 5 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (3.3 acres) wheat using 14 ft. drill and 14 ft. self propelled combine

40. 1970’s • No-till agriculture popularized • One farmer supplies 75.8 others • 3 hours labor required to produce 100 bushels (1 1/8 acres) corn using tractor, 5 bottom plow, 20 ft. disk, 12 ft. self propelled combine

41. 1980’s • More farmers using low-till methods to reduce erosion • Farmers using low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA) techniques to reduce chemical applications

42. Other 20th Century Advancements • Improved varieties of crop seeds • Development of chemicals to control weeds, insects and other pests • Genetic engineering implemented to improve crops and livestock • Widespread application of computers

43. Other 20th Century Advancements • Biotechnology--putting our scientific knowledge of biology (plants and animals) to practical use • BT corn and Roundup Ready Soybeans for example