MCB100 Introductory Microbiology September 7, 2018

1. MCB100 Introductory Microbiology September 7, 2018

2. Inorganic Compounds and Ions That You Should KnowWater H2OSodium Chloride NaCl (aka: table salt) Na+ Cl-   Sodium Hydroxide NaOH (aka: lye) Na+ OH- Hydrochloric acid HCl H+ Cl-   Ammonia NH3   Ammonium Hydroxide NH4OH NH4+ OH- Potassium Nitrate KNO3 (aka: saltpetre) K+ NO3- Sodium Nitrite NaNO2 Na+ NO2- Hydrogen Sulfide H2S (aka: rotten egg gas) Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 2 H+ SO4-2 (sulfate)   Sodium Sulfate Na2SO4 2Na+ SO4-2 Iron Fe Ferrous Chloride FeCl2 (aka: Iron II Chloride) Fe2+ 2 Cl- Ferric Chloride FeCl3 (aka: Iron III Chloride) Fe3+ 3Cl-

3. Which one of the following compounds contains the most oxygen atoms per molecule? A. Ammonia B. Ammonium hydroxide C. Potassium nitrate D. Hydrogen sulfide E. Water

4. Which one of the following compounds contains the most oxygen atoms per molecule? A. Ammonia NH3 B. Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH C. Potassium nitrate KNO3 D. Hydrogen sulfide H2S E. Water H2O

6. Properties of Living Matter - Living matter contains carbon. - The atoms in an organic molecule are held together by covalent bonds. - Living organisms are mostly made of about 20 different elements. - These six elements make up most of the mass of organic compounds: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur C H O N P S - These six elements can form covalent bonds. - The proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates that form living matter are large complicated molecules. (AKA: Biological Macromolecules) - There are several thousand different types of proteins found in a typical cell. - Biological macromolecules stick to each other in very specific ways due to noncovalent attractions. This produces a higher level of order. Enzyme subunits can stick to each other and work together. Regulatory proteins can bind to specific DNA sequences. Ribosomal subunits stick together. - However, a cell is more than a mixture of molecules, it is an organized system.

8. Elemental Composition of an Escherichia coli cell Element% Dry Weight Carbon 50 Oxygen 20 Nitrogen 14 Hydrogen 8 Phosphorous 3 Sulfur 1 Potassium 1 Sodium 1 Calcium 0.5 Magnesium 0.5 Chloride 0.5 Iron 0.2 other minerals: 0.3 (manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum,cobalt) Escherichia coli cells

9. Twelve elements that are common in living matter Valence Bond Element Symbol Electrons Number Bond Type Carbon C 4 4 covalent Hydrogen H 1 1 covalent (ionic, cation) Oxygen O 6 2 covalent Nitrogen N 5 3 covalent Phosphorous P 5 3 or 5 covalent Sulfur S 6 2 or 6 covalent Chlorine Cl 7 1 ionic, anion Sodium Na 1 1 ionic, cation Potassium K 1 1 ionic, cation Calcium Ca 2 2 ionic, cation Magnesium Mg 2 2 ionic, cation Iron Fe 2 2 or 3 ionic, cation

10. Compounds made of atoms that are held together by ionic bonds tend to be simple. Compound Formula # of atoms F.W. Sodium Chloride NaCl 2 58.5 Calcium Bromide CaBr2 3 199.9 Potassium Iodide KI 2 166.0 Compounds made of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds can be very large and complex. CompoundFormula # of atomsF.W. Ethyl Alcohol C2H6O 9 46 Glucose C6H12O6 24 180 Lactose C12H22O11 45 342 Alanine C3H7O2N 13 89 Tryptophan C11H12O2N2 27 204 typical protein 300 amino acids 5000 40,000 ATP C10H14O13N5P3 45 505 small plasmid 5000 nucleotide base pairs 3,300,000 human chromosome 100 million base pairs 66,000,000,000

13. The Basis of Organic Functional Groups

14. Simple Alkanes hydrocarbon: composed of just carbon and hydrogen saturated hydrocarbon: all C-C bonds are single bonds

16. methane ethane ammonia

19. Organic Functional Groups Which one of the organic compounds depicted below is an alcohol? . .

20. Organic Functional Groups Which one of the organic compounds depicted below is a ketone? . .