Ernst Schmautzer , Stephan Pack, Maria Aigner, Chr. Raunig – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

1. Integrated Grounding, Equipotential Bonding and Lightning Protection in Smart Grids and Smart Buildings – A Multi-Faced Approach Ernst Schmautzer, Stephan Pack, Maria Aigner, Chr. Raunig – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

2. Modern low-voltage grids and building installations  need to be suitable for a bidirectional energy and high-speed information flow considering the demands of high reliability have also to fulfil requirements of ensuring safety and protection measures against electric shock, over-voltages, ohmic and inductive interference (EMC-EMI),… To guarantee the reliable functioning of necessary electronic equipment new concepts regarding integrated systems are a pre-condition starting from the transformer stations via the mains connection to the final location of the electrical / electronic equipment in the buildings. Introduction Ernst Schmautzer – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

3. To provide the base for a safe and reliable use concerning low and transient effects in new build and revitalized buildings two approaches are presented: The first approach includes the integration of grounding, bonding, lightning protection and shielding from the beginning of the planning and construction phase of the electrical installation  The second approach demonstrates the integration of a closed-meshed fish trap structure of grounding, bonding, lightning protection and shielding in case of refurbishment of old buildings Introduction Ernst Schmautzer – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

4. Beginning in the planning phase, and continued in the implementation and examination state grounding equipotential bonding, shielding (EMC zones) lightning protection (LPZ lightning protection zones)usually are considered separately This leads to a multitude of problems in practice caused by low-frequency and transient currents, such as stray-currents  undesired interfering electromagnetic fields and  ohmic and inductive influences transient currents caused by switching operations in the grid  transient currents caused by atmospheric discharges Introduction Ernst Schmautzer – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

5. HD 60364-1:Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics, definitions HD 60364-4-41: Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-41: Protection for safety - Protection against electric shock HD 60364-5-55: Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Earthing arrangements, protective conductors and protective bonding conductors EN 50310: Application of equipotential bonding and earthing in buildings with information technology equipment EN 50173: Information technology - Generic cabling systems - Part 1: General requirements EN 50174: Information technology - Cabling installation - Part 2: Installation planning and practices inside buildings EN 50178: Electronic equipment for use in power installations EN 50122: Railway applications - Fixed installations - Electrical safety, earthing and the return circuit - Part 1: Protective provisions against electric shock EN 50522: Earthing of power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c. EN 62305: Protection against lightning EN 50162: Protection against corrosion by stray current from DC systems State of the Art (Standards) • IEC TR 61000-5-2 • ANSI/TIA/EIA-607 (USA) • ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1-2 (USA) • BS 7671 (UK IEE Wiring Regulations) • VDE 0100 (Germany) • VDE 0800 Teil 174-2 • VDE 0800 Teil 31 • ITU-T • OVE/ONORM E 8001-1: Erection of electrical installations with rated voltages up to ~ 1000 V a.c., HD 384 • OVE/ONORM E 8383: Power installation exceeding 1 kV,HD 637 S1: 1999 • OVE/ONORM E 8384: Earthing in AC installations with rated voltage higher than 1 kV • OVE/ONORM E 8014: Erection of earthing installations for electrical installations with rated voltages up to AC 1000 V and DC 1500 V – Part 1: General requirements and definitions • EMC, EMI • … Ernst Schmautzer – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

6. State of the Art (Standards) EN 62305: Protection against lightning HD 60364-1:Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics, definitions Shielding EN 50174: MESH DI Dr. Ernst Schmautzer – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

7. The minimum level in most European countries (also in Austria) is preferably the establishment of a concrete footing-type grounding electrode system in the foundation area (base plate, granular sub-grade course, blinding concrete) In buildings with specific EMC requirements of information technology (especially for the reduction of magnetic interference fields, inductive and resistive influences by transient currents) the construction of an additional equipotential bonding system for each floor is essential Methodology – New Buildings Ernst Schmautzer – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

8. Methodology – New Buildings Integrated grounding electrode system, shielding, equipotential bonding and lightning protection system Ernst Schmautzer – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

9. Methodology – New Buildings • Combined high- and low-voltage grounding system • Sensible ICT-components can be installed in all parts of the building structure Ernst Schmautzer – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

10. Methodology – Old Buildings • Most of the before mentioned measures concerning the low inductive meshed grounding, equipotential bonding and lightning protection system cannot be realized at low efforts and costs • The proposal is, to invert the grounding and equipotential bonding system at spatially defined locations by realizing a fish trap like structure of conductors to achieve a preferably low impedant equipotential system • As the grounding and equipotential bonding system changes to a predominate equipotential system the refurbished grounding system has now to meet only the demands of a proper lightning protection system and can be realized usually with vertical grounding rods Ernst Schmautzer – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

11. The fish-trap like equibonding structure provides a low impedance So protection and safety measures can easily be realized (equipotential and function equipotential bonding, overvoltage suppression) The low impedance equipotential system is provided only in dedicated areas in the near vicinity of the fish-trap like construction Methodology – Old Buildings Ernst Schmautzer – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

12. Conclusion • Realising the grounding, equipotential bonding, shielding and the lightning protection system as well as considering EMC- and lightning protection-zones as a jointly co-ordinated system meets the requirements for  protection against electric shock,  minimizes resistive, inductive and capacitive interference, reduces the occurrence of electromagnetic fields and  enables the implementation of high-quality measures for the electric/electronic equipment safety,  as well as a efficient lightning and surge protection • Additionally the reduction of the data transfer rates caused by inductive and ohmic interference can be minimized • The proposed grounding and equipotential bonding system can be used in new and refurbished buildings • The integration in the design concept of architectural structures is easy • The proposed system can be integrated easily, if early enough considered Ernst Schmautzer – Austria – Session 2 – 0760

13. Integrated Grounding, Equipotential Bonding and Lightning Protection in Smart Grids and Smart Buildings – A Multi-Faced Approach Ernst Schmautzer, Stephan Pack, Maria Aigner, Chr. Raunig – Austria – Session 2 – 0760