Warming Up Do the quiz. 1. What will you be doing five years from now? (a) I’ve no idea. (b) I know what I’d like to be doing! (c) I know exactly what I’ll be doing. 2. What do you feel about any mistakes you made in the past? (a) I cringe every time I think about them. (b) They were a learning experience, I suppose. (c) Everyone makes mistakes, including me.

Warming Up 3. What do you do when you just can’t complete a piece of work? (a) Switch off the computer and forget about it. (b) Keep going all the same, bleary-eyed and yawning. (c) Get up early tomorrow morning and have another go. 4. How do you feel about sitting through a lecture which isn’t connected to your field? (a) I walk out when I realize it’s of no use. (b) I try not to fall asleep. (c) You learn something new every day, don’t you?

Warming Up 5. If you don’t get offered a job on your first interview, how do you think you will feel? (a) Depressed. (b) I wouldn’t expect to get offered a job on my first interview! (c) Ready for the next interview. Suggested answer

Warming Up • If you answered (c) for all five questions, you are highly motivated and you’ve got it all mapped out. • If you had three or more (c)s, you are quite motivated. The future looks rosy. • If you had one or no (c)s, perhaps you should start thinking what you want from life!

Text Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa Background information Go to the text

Text • Background information • This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published in September 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and in Britain in particular, there has been for a number of years a rising number of students going to university and therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job became harder in 2008—2009 because the economic downturn — then a recession — meant that many employers were reducing their workforce.

Text • After their final exams, some students took a break over the summer before looking for jobs, only to find that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. The passage addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at home and advises their parents to be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if they need help).

Text • The passage recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting at home unemployed since this is more likely to lead to better employment later on. The style is partly that of a report, but also of a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and advice to parents).

Text Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa More than 650,000 students left university this summer and many have no idea about the way to get a job. How tough should a parent be to galvanizethem in these financially fraught times?

Text 1In July, you looked on as your handsome 21-year-old son, dressed in gown and mortarboard, proudly clutched his honours degree for his graduation photo. Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to the odd party, began to fade. Until now.

Text 2As the summer break comes to a close and students across the country prepare for the start of a new term, you find that your graduate son is still spending his days slumped in front of the television, broken only by texting, Facebook and visits to the pub. This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt. Will he ever get a job?

Text 3 This is the scenario facing thousands of families. More than 650,000 students left university this summer and most in these financially testing times have no idea what to do next. Parents revert to nagging; sons and daughters become rebels without a cause, aware that they need to get a job, but not sure how.

Text 4Jack Goodwin, from Middlesex, graduated with a 2:1 in politics from Nottingham this summer. He walked into the university careers service and straight back out again; there was a big queue. He lived with five other boys all of whom did the same. There was no pressure to find a job, even though most of the girls he knew had a clearer plan.

Text 5“I applied for a job as a political researcher, but got turned down,” he says. “They were paying £18,000, which doesn’t buy you much more than a tin of beans after rent, but they wanted people with experience or master’s degrees. Then I applied for the Civil Service fast stream. I passed the exam, but at the interviews they accused me of being ‘too detached’ and talking in language that was ‘too technocratic’, which I didn't think possible, but obviously it is.”

Text 6Since then he has spent the summer “hiding”. He can recount several episodes of Traffic Cops and has seen more daytime television than is healthy. He talks to his friends about his aimless days and finds that most are in the same boat. One has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents. For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” before heading to the pub. So how about working behind the bar, to pay for those drinks? “I don’t want to do bar work. I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university, where I worked really hard to get a good degree,” he says. “Now I’m back at the same stage as those friends who didn’t go to uni at all, who are pulling pints and doing dead-end jobs. I feel that I’ve come full circle.”

Text 7Jacqueline Goodwin, his mother, defends him. She insists that he has tried to get a job, but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky to advise him on how to proceed. “I have always had to work,” she says. “It’s difficult because when you have a degree, it opens new doors for you, or you’d like to think that it does.”

Text 8Although she is taking a soft line with her son at the moment, she is clear that after an upcoming three-week trip to South America, his holiday from work will have to end. He may even have to pay rent and contribute to the household bills. 9“They’ve got to grow up at some point. We’ve finished paying for university, so a little bit of help back is good,” she says. “The South America trip is the cutoff point. When he comes back there’ll be Christmas work if nothing else.”

Text 10Gael Lindenfield, a psychotherapist and the author of The Emotional Healing Strategy, says that the Goodwin parents have struck exactly the right note. The transition from university to a job is tough for parents and children: Crucially they must balance being positive and understanding with not making life too comfortable for their offspring.

Text 11“The main job for the parents is to be there because if they start advising them what to do, that is when the conflict starts. If you have contacts, by all means use those,” she says. “But a lot of parents get too soft. Put limits on how much money you give them, and ask them to pay rent or contribute to the care of the house or the pets. Carry on life as normal and don’t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserves of emotional energy.”

Text 12Paying for career consultations, train fares to interviews or books are good things; being too pushy is not. But while parents should be wary of becoming too soft, Lindenfield advises them to tread sympathetically after a job setback for a few days or even weeks – depending on the scale of the knock. After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. 13Boys are more likely to get stuck at home. Lindenfield believes that men are often better at helping their sons, nephews, or friends’ sons than are mothers and sisters. Men have a different way of handling setbacks than women, she says, so they need the male presence to talk it through.

Text 14As for bar work, she is a passionate advocate: It’s a great antidote to graduate apathy. It just depends on how you approach it. Lindenfield, who found her first job as an aerialphotographic assistant through bar work, says it is a great networking opportunity and certainly more likely to get you a job than lounging in front of the TV. 15“The same goes for shelf-stacking. You will be spotted if you’re good at it. If you’re bright and cheerful and are polite to the customers, you’ll soon get moved on. So think of it as an opportunity; people who are successful in the long run have often got shelf-stacking stories,” she says.

Text 16Your son or daughter may not want to follow Hollywood stars such as Whoopi Goldberg into applying make-up to corpses in a mortuary, or guarding nuclear power plants like Bruce Willis, but even Brad Pitt had to stand outside the El Pollo Locorestaurant chain in a giant chicken suit at one time in his life. None of them appears the poorer for these experiences. ■

Text 大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65 万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？

Text 1七月，你看着英俊的21岁的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着大学荣誉学位证书，拍毕业照。这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参加聚会的记忆开始消退。但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。

Text 2等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你却发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。除此之外，他只是偶尔发发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，或者去酒吧喝酒。这位属于“千禧一代”的年轻人一夜之间变成了“抱怨一代”的成员。他能找到工作吗？

Text 3这就是成千上万家庭所面临的状况：今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下，他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者。他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。

Text 4来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。他走进大学就业服务中心，但又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。跟他一起住的另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。

Text 5他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒绝了。他们给的年薪是1.8万镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐豆子，可他们还要有工作经历或硕士学位的人。然后我又申请参加快速晋升人才培养计划，并通过了笔试。但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家政治论者’。我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。”

Text 6打那以后，他整个夏天都在“隐身”。他能够轻松地复述出电视剧《交通警察》中的若干片段。他白天看电视的时间太长，已经到了影响健康的地步。跟朋友谈起自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己一样。其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市上货，其余的则都是朝九晚五地“无所事事”，晚上则去酒吧喝酒打发时间。要么，干脆就在酒吧工作？这样还可以挣些酒钱。“我不想在酒吧工作。我上的是综合学校，我拼命读书才考上了一所好大学。到了大学，我又埋头苦读，才取得一个好学位。可现在我却跟那些没上过大学的做无聊的酒吧侍应的朋友处在同一个水平线上。我觉得自己好像兜了一圈，又回到了原来的起点。”

Text 7他的母亲杰奎琳·古德温替他辩护。她坚持认为她的儿子已经尽力找工作了。但由于她自己中学毕业后一直都在工作，所以她和她的丈夫发现，建议儿子如何继续找工作是件很棘手的事情。她说：“我一直都不得不工作。而现在的年轻人很难做到这一点，因为如果你有了学位，学位就会为你提供新的机会，至少你自己会这么想。”

Text 8虽然目前她对儿子的态度还比较温和，但是她心里很清楚，去南美度三星期的假之后，他的休假就该结束了。他可能还得付房租，并分担家庭开支。 9她说：“在某个时候孩子们总要长大成人。我们已经帮他交了大学的学费，所以他也该给我们一点点回报了。南美度假就是一个分水岭，他回来以后如果找不到工作，那就圣诞节打零工好了。”

Text 10心理治疗师盖尔·林登费尔德是《情感康复策略》的作者。她说古德温夫妇的做法是很恰当的。从大学到工作的转换对父母和孩子来说都很艰难，关键是父母要在支持理解孩子和不溺爱孩子之间找到一个平衡点。

Text 11“父母的主要任务就是支持孩子，如果他们教导孩子该如何做，那么就会引起矛盾。但如果有熟人，一定要找他们想办法，”她说。“很多父母心太软了。必须限制孩子的零花钱，要求他们交房租，或分担日常生活或养宠物的开销。父母要维持正常的生活，不要让孩子随便用你们的银行账户或者榨干你们的情感能量。”

Text 12为孩子支付职业咨询费、面试交通费或书费是好事，但不能催得太紧。林登费尔德建议：虽说父母不能太宽容，但是如果孩子找工作遇到了挫折，父母应该体谅他们，宽容他们几天甚至几周——这取决于他们受打击的程度。等他们缓过来之后，父母就该坚决要求孩子继续求职。 13男孩更容易窝在家里。林登费尔德相信男人比母亲和姐妹更容易帮助儿子、侄子或朋友的儿子。她说，由于男人和女人处理挫折的方式不同，所以男孩需要跟男人谈话才能渡过难关。

Text 14林登费尔德强烈支持去酒吧打工：那是克服毕业冷漠症的一剂良方。这工作好不好要取决于你如何看待它。就是在酒吧打工的时候，林登费尔德找到了她的第一份当航拍助手的工作。她说在酒吧工作是拓展人际关系的绝好机会，肯定比赖在家里看电视更容易找到工作。 15她说：“在超市上货也一样。如果干得好，你就会被人发现的。如果你聪明、活泼，礼貌待客，你很快就会升职。所以，把它看作是机会。那些最终成功的人士很多都有在超市上货的经历。”

Text 16你的儿女可能不会干好莱坞影星们干过的活，比如像乌比·戈德堡那样去停尸房给死人化妆，或者像布鲁斯·威利斯那样在核电站当警卫，但即便是布拉德·皮特也曾经不得不穿上宽大的小鸡模样的服装站在快餐连锁店El Pollo Loco的门口招揽生意。他们中没有一个人因为这些经历而变得更加穷困。

Words & Phrases backside galvanize nag fraught dead-end the civil service mortarboard tricky detached graduation proceed technocratic recount slump upcoming episode scion cutoff cop morph psychotherapist daytime grunt heal aimless testing transition comprehensive revert crucially

Words & Phrases offspring saddle advocate sap antidote consultation pushy apathy wary aerial sympathetically photographic lounge setback corpse scale mortuary nudge

Words & Phrases take a soft / hard line look on if nothing else fork out strike the right note turn down by all means in the same boat talk through pull pints go for sb. / sth. come full circle

Words & Phrases Jack Goodwin 杰克·古德温（人名） Middlesex米德尔塞克斯郡 Nottingham 英国诺丁汉大学 Jacqueline Goodwin 杰奎琳·古德温（人名） Gael Lindenfield盖尔·林登费尔德 Whoopi Goldberg 乌比·戈德堡 Bruce Willis 布鲁斯·威利斯 Brad Pitt 布拉德·皮特 El Pollo Loco （美国连锁餐馆名）

Words & Phrases galvanizevt.to shock or affect sb. enough to produce a strong and immediate reaction 使振奋；刺激 e.g. 1. His speech yesterday galvanized many workers into action. 他昨天的演讲激励了不少工人行动起来。 2. Her love galvanized him into youth. 她的爱使他焕发了青春的活力。 3. The results of the study galvanized residents into action. 研究结果促使居民采取行动。 Word family: galvanizationn.

Words & Phrases fraughta.showing or producing tension or anxiety and with a lot of problems 令人担忧的；问题成堆的 e.g. 1. After his speech, there was a fraught silence. 他发言后，出现了一阵令人焦虑不安的沉默。 2. The Taliban is not the only enemy along the fraught borderlands of the Afghan war. 在令人忧虑的阿富汗战争边境沿线，塔利班并不是唯一的敌人。 3. Next week will be particularly fraught as we’ve just lost our secretary. 我们的秘书刚刚辞职，下星期特别令人担心。

Words & Phrases mortarboardn. [C] a hat with a stiff square top, worn as a sign of academic achievement. Mortarboards were traditionally worn by teachers学位帽；方顶帽 The square academic cap, often called a mortarboard (because of its similarity in appearance to the hawk used by bricklayers to hold mortar), is an item of academic head dress consisting of a horizontal square board fixed upon a skull-cap, with a tassel attached to the center.

Words & Phrases graduation 1.n. [U] the act of receiving a degree or other qualification after finishing your studies at a college or university（大学）毕业 e.g. She managed to find a job immediately after graduation. 她刚毕业就找到了一份工作。 2.n. [C] a ceremony at which you are given a degree or other qualification 毕业典礼 e.g. He has just attended his daughter’s graduation. 他刚刚参加了女儿的毕业典礼。 Word family: graduatev.

Words & Phrases slump 1. vt.to cause to fall or bend down 使倒下；使弯垂 e.g. 1. He slumped his lanky frame in an easy chair. 他那瘦长的身躯一下子倒在安乐椅里。 2. He was slumped sideways in an easy attitude. 他蜷着身子，随意地斜靠着。 • be~edin / over etc. sth.: to be sitting still in a position that is not upright 垂头弯腰地坐着 e.g. 1. I spent the evening slumped in front of the TV. 我一晚上都蜷着身子坐在电视机前。 2. They found him slumped over the wheel of his car. 他们发现他趴在他车子的方向盘上。

Words & Phrases 2. vi.to be suddenly reduced to a much lower level 暴跌；剧降 e.g. What caused the price of irons to slump? 钢铁价格暴跌是什么原因?

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