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Biology 322 Human Anatomy I

Biology 322 Human Anatomy I. Cells and Tissues (Basic Cytology and Histology). Recall:. SYSTEMS are composed of one or more organs, all serving a common function. ORGANS are composed of one or more types of tissues, all serving a common function.

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Biology 322 Human Anatomy I

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  1. Biology 322Human Anatomy I Cells and Tissues (Basic Cytology and Histology)

  2. Recall: SYSTEMS are composed of one or more organs, all serving a common function ORGANS are composed of one or more types of tissues, all serving a common function TISSUES are composed of one or more types of cells and their products, all serving a common function CELLS are composed of different types of organelles, all serving a common function ORGANELLES are composed of different types of molecules, all serving a common function

  3. All cells in the human body share some important characteristics:

  4. Cells:

  5. Cells: Size:

  6. Cells: Shape:

  7. Independent Study: Your textbook discusses the organelles of most cells. You should understand the basic structure and function of each of the following: Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex Mitochondria Lysosomes Peroxisomes Vesicles Cytoskeleton You should also understand the basic structure and function of cilia and flagella You will be responsible for these on exams

  8. Plasma Membrane: Also called "plasmalemma" May have special names in specific types of cells e.g. "sarcolemma" in muscle cells, "neurolemma" in nerve cells - Keeps inside in and outside out while - Contolling movement of ions/molecules into and out of cell - Interacts with other cells and with extracellular materials around cell - Allows cell to recognize and respond to chemical signals

  9. Plasma Membrane: Basic structure =

  10. Plasma Membrane: Has specialized junctions for cell-to-cell attachment and/or communication 1.

  11. Plasma Membrane: Has specialized junctions for cell-to-cell attachment and/or communication 2.

  12. Plasma Membrane: Has specialized junctions for cell-to-cell attachment and/or communication 3.

  13. Let's move on to tissues

  14. Recall: SYSTEMS are composed of one or more organs, all serving a common function ORGANS are composed of one or more types of tissues, all serving a common function TISSUES are composed of one or more types of cells and their products, all serving a common function

  15. All tissues:

  16. With only a few, rare exceptions, all organs of the human body are composed of four types of tissue: Each of these can have one or more subtypes

  17. Let’s start with Epithelium - Covers body surfaces (e.g. skin, cornea) - Lines body cavities (e.g. peritoneal cavity, pericardial cavity - Lines insides of hollow organs (e.g. stomach, heart, lung. aorta, oviduct) - Forms glands (e.g. sweat glands, pancreas, salivary glands)

  18. Characteristics of Epithelium Functional characteristics of epithelia

  19. Epithelium always supported by

  20. Epithelium Different types for different functions. Classified according to:

  21. Epithelium Number of layersShape of surface cells

  22. Simple Squamous Epithelium

  23. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

  24. Simple Columnar Epithelium

  25. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

  26. Stratified Squamous Epithelium

  27. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

  28. (Stratified) Transitional Epithelium

  29. Epithelium No good examples of stratified columnar epithelium. Found only in parts of the male reproductive system

  30. Epithelium also forms all glands in the body Glands classified by a) b)

  31. Exocrine glands also classified by c)

  32. Characteristics of Connective Tissue Functional characteristics of connective tissues

  33. Connective Tissues Ordinary connective tissues Specialized connective tissues

  34. Ordinary Connective Tissues Common cells Fibers

  35. Loose Areolar Connective Tissues

  36. Adipose Connective Tissues

  37. Dense Regular Connective Tissues

  38. Dense Irregular Connective Tissues

  39. Specialized Connective Tissues: Hyaline Cartilage

  40. Specialized Connective Tissues: Elastic Cartilage

  41. Specialized Connective Tissues: Fibrous Cartilage

  42. Specialized Connective Tissues: Bone

  43. Muscle Tissue:

  44. Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Muscle Muscle Muscle Myocytes Nuclei Striations

  45. Skeletal Cardiac Smooth More detail on muscle tissues and their cells when we discuss the muscular system

  46. Nervous Tissue: (no subtypes) 1) 2)

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