Understanding Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals

Lecture Plan FINAL YEAR BE (Electronics & Telecomm. Engg.) Semester: Eighth ( Spring) Name of Subject: BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (Subject code: 8XT-4) Session: 2018-19 Subject Teacher: Prof. V. M. Umale Solution: Class Test-1 Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

Syllabus Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. VM Umale

Course Outcomes: • B) Course Outcomes: • After the course Completion students are able: • To acquire the knowledge and analyze the physiological parameters and illustrate the methods utilized for data storage, interpret data and analysis. • To apply science and engineering to model and design the medical equipments and to demonstrate the principles used as a basis for biomedical Instrumentations which provides a helping tool for the physician in their diagnosis. Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

Mapping of COs and POs: C) Mapping of COs and POs: 1: Low Contribution, 2: Moderate Contribution, 3: High Contribution Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

Q1.a • What is Bio Potential? Explain the following with suitable sketch---------------(8) • Repolarisation and de-polarisation, • All or Nothing Law • Absolute and relative refractory period Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

*** Sources of Bioelectric Potential *** • Biosignal/Biopotential • The ionic potential originated with the result of electrochemical activity of certain special cells/ tissues • Own monitoring signals, which convey information about the functions they represent. • Such signals are associated with nerve conduction, brain activity, heart activity, muscle activity etc Natural Monitoring signal, helps the physician Ionic voltage Electric voltage Transducer VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

L3: Sources of Bioelectric Potential • Biosignal/Biopotential Such signals: • Used for extracting information on a biological systems(physiological systems) • Phenomenon that conveys information which is used for diagnosis • Process of extracting information could be as simple as feeling pulse of a person on the wrist or as complex as analyzing the structure of internal soft tissues by an ultrasound scanner VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Cont.. VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Action potential & Resting potential • Source for Biopotential nerve cells and muscle cells Resting potential ,Action potential • States of cell: Polarised state Depolarised state Repolarised state (Semi permeable membrane):Depolarisation phase and Repolarisation phase Electrical activity associated with one contraction in a muscle VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Polarized state and Resting Potential.. VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Depolarized state and Action Potential.. VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Action potential & Resting potential Na+ Na+ • Polarised state Na+ Na+ Na+ Cl- Cl- K+ K+ K+ K+ Cl- Cl- Na+ Na+ Cl- Cl- Na+ Na+ Cl- Cl- K+ K+ Na+ Na+ Semi permeable membrane Na+ Na+ -70mv VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Action potential & Resting potential K+ • Polarised state K+ Cl- Semi permeable membrane Na+ Na+ Cl- Cl- K+ K+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ 20 mv VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Cont.. • Typical cell potential waveform Typical terms: • Resting potential and action potential • Depolarization and Repolarization phase • Sodium pump • All-or-nothing law • Net height of the action potential • Absolute refractory period • Relative refractory period • Propagation rate/Nerve conduction rate/conduction velocity VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

CELL POTENTIAL: VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

All or Nothing law: The action potential is always the same for any given cell irrespective of method by which cell is excited and intensity of the stimulus.Absolute refractory period: Brief period of time during which the cell can not respond to any new stimulus(1msec in nerve cells)Relative refractory period: Period of time during which another action potential can be obtained with a much stonger stimulation (several msec ). Its result of after potential. VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Q1.b Draw the Physiologycal structure of heart and explain the electrical activity associated with it?---------(7) Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

Conducting System of Heart Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

Cont… • features of important bio-signals such as- ECG Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

ELECTRO-CONDUCTION OF HEART MUSCLES: VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

features of important biomedical signals such as- ECG Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

ECG SIGNAL : VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Q2.a Explain how heart works as a mechanical pump with suitable pump?---------(8) Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

SHRI SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHEGAON : Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering VM Umale

Q2.b Explain the ECG waveform? What are electrodes used for ECG and EMG---------(7) Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

features of important biomedical signals such as- ECG Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

Electrodes for ECG, EEG, EMG • Various Electrodes used for the measurement or recording of ECG signal. • Immersion electodes(not used now) • Limb electrodes • Suction cup electrodes • Floating electrodes • Spray –on electrodes • Pregelled disposable electrode • Pasteless (dry) electrodes • Air –jet ECG electrodes Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

ECG Electrodes ECG plate electrode. The electrode is usually Fastened to the arm or leg with a perforated Rubber strap which keeps it in position during ECG recording Light weight floating Electrode with press Stud for long term monitoring Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

ECG Electrodes Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

ECG Electrodes Disposable pre-gelled ECG Electrode. A porous tape overlaying placed over the electrode resists perspiration and Ensures positive placement Under stress conditions Air –Jet ECG Electrodes Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

ECG Electrodes Suction cup electrode (Unipolar chest ECG Electrode.) Floating type skin surface ECG Electrodes Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. 32

Electrodes for ECG, EEG, EMG • Various Electrodes used for the measurement or recording of EMG signal. • Needle electrodes • Monopolar • Bipolar • Concentric core needle • Multi-element needle electrodes Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

EMG Electrodes Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

Micro Electrodes Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

Metal micro-electrodes Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

Q3.a Explain the biomedical recorders with proper block schematics of EEG recorder---------(7) Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

EEG Recorder : Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering VM Umale

Q3.b Explain with block diagram of ECG recorder--------(7) Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

ECG Recorder : Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering VM Umale

Q4.a Draw and Explain the block schematic of 12 lead system for ECG measurement --------(8) Dept. Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

12 lead ECG system : Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering VM Umale

Cont… : Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering VM Umale

Bipolar limb leads system : Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering VM Umale

Understanding Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals