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Expanding Markets & Moving West: The Market Revolution 1825-1847

This chapter explores the Market Revolution from 1825 to 1847, focusing on the expansion of markets and westward movement in the United States. Discover how new technologies connected people to new markets, creating economic opportunities and fueling the concept of "manifest destiny" as Americans ventured westward, gaining territory in conflicts like the war with Mexico. Learn about the shift from self-sufficient farms to specialization in cash crops, the entrepreneurial spirit driving capitalism, and the impact of inventions like the sewing machine and telegraph on communication and transportation. Witness the emergence of railroads, the importance of canals in connecting regions, and the growth of industries in the Northeast and Midwest. Explore how these changes transformed the American economy and society.

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Expanding Markets & Moving West: The Market Revolution 1825-1847

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  1. An Era of Growth & Disunion1825 to 1877 Expanding Markets & Moving WestChapter 9 Mitten – AMAZ History Semester One Sect. #1 – The Market Revolution

  2. Expanding MarketsMoving West1825 to 1847 • New technologies create links to new markets • Economic opportunity and “manifest destiny” • Americans head west • U.S. gains territory in a war with Mexico

  3. The Market Revolution • U.S. Markets Expand • Early 1800’s farms self-sufficient • only buy what they cannot make • Mid-century farmers specialize – 1 or 2 cash crops • Market Revolution – people buy and sell goods rather than make them

  4. U.S. Markets Expand • The Entrepreneurial Spirit • Capitalism – private control of means of production, used for profit • Business capital (money, property, machines) fuels growing economy • Entrepreneurs invest own money in new industries

  5. New Inventions • Inventor-entrepreneurs develop new products • Charles Goodyear creates vulcanized rubber in 1839 • Elias Howe patents sewing machine; • I.M. Singer adds foot treadle

  6. Impact of Inventions • Household Economy • Farmers use mechanized farm equipment • Technology lowers cost of factory items

  7. Economic Revolution • Impact on Communication • Samuel F. B. Morse develops electromagnetic telegraph • messages tapped in code, carried by copper wire • businesses, railroads transmit information • Impact on Transportation • 1807, Robert Fulton’s steamboat – 150 miles upriver in 32 hours • By 1830 steamboats on western rivers cut freight costs, speeds travel

  8. Economic Revolution • Water transport key for moving heavy machinery, raw materials • Canals heavily used for transportation – lowers cost • Canals connect Midwest farmers to Northeast and world markets

  9. Emergence of Railroads • 1840’s, railroad shipping expensive • 1850’s – expansion = drop in cost, safety increased • railroad usage increases dramatically • Effect of Regional Links • Improved transportation, communication

  10. New Markets Link Regions • Southern Agriculture • most south agricultural – cotton, tobacco & rice • no capital for factories; money in land & slaves • Northeast Shipping & Manufacturing • canals, railroads turn NE into center of American commerce • Great rise in manufacturing: more, better, less expensive goods

  11. New Markets Link Regions • Midwest Farming • John Deere invents steel plow • Cyrus McCormick invents mechanical reaper • Farmers shift from subsistence farming to growing cash crops

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