14.3: The Periodic Table

1. 14.3: The Periodic Table Review of Elements and Symbols The Periodic Table LecturePLUS Timberlake

2. Elements • Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes • Are the building blocks of matter • 115 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium LecturePLUS Timberlake

3. Symbols of Elements • Use 1, 2 or 3 letter abbreviations • Capitalize the first letter only Examples: C carbon Co cobalt N nitrogen Ca calcium F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake

4. % Major Elements in the Body O 65.0 % K 0.34 C 18.0 S 0.26 H 10.0 Na 0.14 N 3.0 Cl 0.14 Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004 P 1.0 Zn 0.003 Mg 0.50 Trace Elements As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V LecturePLUS Timberlake

5. Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C 2) Ca 3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S 2) Sl 3) Su C. Iron 1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake

6. Solution Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 2) Ca B. Sulfur 1) S C. Iron 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake

7. Learning Check Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium 2) phlogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver 2) agean 3) gold LecturePLUS Timberlake

8. Solution Select the correct name for each: A. N 2) nitrogen B. P 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver LecturePLUS Timberlake

9. Periodic Table The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties. LecturePLUS Timberlake

10. Physical Properties The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance. • Color • Size • Shape • Density • Freezing and Boiling Points • Odor LecturePLUS Timberlake

11. Groups of Elements • Vertical columns on the periodic table • Similar physical properties • Similar chemical properties LecturePLUS Timberlake

12. Groups on the Periodic Table 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 LecturePLUS Timberlake

13. Representative Groups • Group 1 Alkali Metals • Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals • Group 17 Halogens • Group 18 Noble Gases LecturePLUS Timberlake

14. Location of Some Groups 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 A l m k e a t l a i l s A l k a l i n e H a l o g e n s I G n a e s r e t s LecturePLUS Timberlake

15. Periods on the Periodic Table • Horizontal rows from Period 1 to Period 7. • Numbered 1, 2, 3, …. • Include representative elements and transition elements LecturePLUS Timberlake

16. Periods on the Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 LecturePLUS Timberlake

17. Learning Check A. Element in Group 17, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn B. Element in Group 2, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron LecturePLUS Timberlake

18. Solution A. Element in Group 17, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group 2, Period 3 2) magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake

19. Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids METALLOIDS Transition metals NONMETALS METALS LecturePLUS Timberlake

20. Metals and Nonmetals Metals • Located to the left of the heavy line • Ductile, malleable • Good conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals • Located to the right of the heavy line • Dull and brittle • Poor conductors, good insulators LecturePLUS Timberlake

21. Metalloids • Located along both sides of the “staircase” • Means metal-like • Solids that can be shiny or dull • Conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals • Arsenic, antimony, germanium, tellurium, polonium, silicon and boron LecturePLUS Timberlake

22. Learning Check Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur ____ B. chlorine ____ C. sodium ____ D. iron ____ E. carbon ____ F. silver ____ LecturePLUS Timberlake

23. Solution Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur 2 B. chlorine 2 C. sodium 1 D. iron 1 E. carbon 2 F. silver 1 LecturePLUS Timberlake

24. Circular Periodic Table LecturePLUS Timberlake

25. 3-D Periodic Table LecturePLUS Timberlake

26. Spiral Periodic Table LecturePLUS Timberlake

27. Zig-Zag Periodic Table LecturePLUS Timberlake

28. Pyramidal Periodic Table LecturePLUS Timberlake

29. Triangular Periodic Table LecturePLUS Timberlake

30. Learning Check Select the correct elements: A. Metals in Group 14 1) Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn B. Nonmetals in Group 15 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P 3) N, P, As, Sb LecturePLUS Timberlake

31. Solution A. Metals in Group 14 1) Sn, Pb B. Nonmetals in Group 15 2) N, P LecturePLUS Timberlake

32. Alkali Metals • Highly Reactive • Form Positive Ions (1+) • Combine (form compounds) with Halogens in Group 17 (because the Halogens form Negative Ions 1-) • Soft, Shiny LecturePLUS Timberlake

33. Alkaline Earth Metals • Very Reactive (but not as much as the Alkali metals) • Form Positive Ions (2+) • Combine with Group 16 (because they form Negative Ions 2-) • Fairly hard, gray-white • Good Conductors LecturePLUS Timberlake

34. Transition Metals • Hard and Shiny • Good Conductors • Form Colorful Compounds • Less reactive than Groups 1 and 2 • Familiar metals like Iron, Copper, Nickel, Silver, Gold LecturePLUS Timberlake

35. Other Metals • Least Reactive metals • Still good conductors LecturePLUS Timberlake

36. True or False • A malleable material can be pounded into shapes. True • Most metals react with atoms of other elements by losing electrons. True • The reactivity of metals tends to increase from left to right across the periodic table. False • Elements heavier than Uranium are not found in nature. True