The Universe

1. The Universe Fourth Grade Science Created by Amy Thornton Dyer School

2. Conceptual Strand 6 The cosmos is vast and explored well enough to know its basic structure and operational principles.

3. Guiding Question 6 What big ideas guide human understanding about the origin and structure of the universe, Earth’s place in the cosmos, and observable motions and patterns in the sky?

4. Vocabulary Words Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Moon Asteroid belt Inner planets Outer planets Rotation Revolution Solar eclipse Lunar eclipse Moon phases Waxing Waning New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent

5. GLE 0407.6.1 Analyze patterns, relative movements, and relationships among the sun, moon, and earth. • Our SOLAR SYSTEM includes our sun, the 8 planets, the asteroid belt, and many moons. • Some scientists believe the solar system was created by the big bang theory.

6. Let’s Watch a BrainPop • Big Bang Theory • Solar System

7. The Solar System • There are 8 planets in our solar system. • Each of the 8 planets revolve around our sun as they rotate on their axis. • Pluto was recently taken off the line-up of planets.

8. The Solar System • The inner planets (made of rock & metal) include Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars. • The outer planets (made of gases) include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto. • The asteroid belt separates the inner & outer planets. • All the planets have moons except Mercury & Venus.

9. The Sun

10. Mercury

11. Venus

12. Earth

13. Our Moon

14. Mars

15. Asteroid Belt

16. Jupiter

17. Saturn

18. Uranus

19. Neptune

20. Pluto • Pluto is officially no longer a planet…

21. 8 Planets • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Mars • Jupiter • Saturn • Uranus • Neptune

22. 8 Planets • Mercury (My) • Venus (Very) • Earth (Excited) • Mars (Mother) • Jupiter (Just) • Saturn (Served) • Uranus (Us) • Neptune (Noodles)

23. Let’s play a game… • See if you can arrange the planets in the correct order. • http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/playspace/games/jigsaw/jigsaw.shtml

24. Rotation • To turn around & around on an axis (Axis= the imaginary line through the earth) • It takes the earth ONE DAY (or 24 hours) to complete one complete rotation

25. Revolution • Movement of one object around another • It takes the Earth ONE YEAR (365 days) to complete one revolution around the sun • The planets travel in an ORBIT (path) as it travels around the sun

26. Now let’s take a closer look … • Look closely at the rotation & revolution of the planets: http://gunn.co.nz/AstroTour/?data=tours/retrograde.xml

27. How much do the planets weigh?? • Let’s find out: http://btc.montana.edu/ceres/MESSENGER/Interactives/ANIMATIONS/Planet_Mass_Comparison/PlanetMassComparison.html

28. More about the planets… • Our Solar System: • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=96DC6568-B640-4655-A141-35008482664C&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US • The Magic School Bus Gets Lost in Space: • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=AF40E416-58AE-426C-BABF-2A7140DAED7A&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

29. 0407.6.1 Chart the movements of the sun, moon, and earth to develop an explanation for the phases of the moon and solar and lunar eclipses. • Solar eclipse= the moon comes between the sun & the earth so that all or part of the sun’s light is blocked out (video) • Lunar eclipse= the earth comes between the sun and the moon so that all or part of the moon’s light is blocked out (video)

30. Moon Phases • PHASES are the different shapes the moon appears to have. • These phases change daily. • The moon takes a month the orbit the earth and complete all the phases. • WAXING means getting bigger. • WANING means getting smaller.

31. Moon Phases

32. 0407.6.2 Sequence the major phases of the moon during a lunar cycle. • Let’s put our moon phase cards in correct order… • Now draw the phases of the moon in their correct order with their proper names • BE CAREFUL!!!

33. SPI 0407.6.1 Organize the phases of the moon in the correct sequence. • Let’s watch a very short video about the moon’s phases: • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=0F901E9D-BAF8-4DBF-9DD6-F9A5304B4D20&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

34. Phases of the Moon • Phase 1 - New Moon - The side of the moon that is facing the Earth is not lit up by the sun. At this time the moon is not visible.

35. Phases of the Moon • Phase 2 - Waxing Crescent - A small part (less than 1/2) of the moon is lit up at this point. The part that is lit up is slowly getting bigger.

36. Phases of the Moon • Phase 3 - First Quarter - One half of the moon is lit up by the sun at this point. The part that is lit up is slowly getting bigger.

37. Phases of the Moon • Phase 4 - Waxing Gibbous - At this time half of the moon is lit up. The part that is lit is slowly getting bigger. Waxing means to slowly get bigger.

38. Phases of the Moon • Phase 5 - Full Moon - The side of the moon that is lit up by the sun is facing the Earth. The entire moon is lit up at this point.

39. Phases of the Moon • Phase 6 - Waning Gibbous - The moon is not quite lit up all the way by sunlight. The part of the moon this is lit is slowly getting smaller. Waning means to slowly get smaller.

40. Phases of the Moon • Phase 7 - Last Quarter - Half of the moon is lit up but the sun. The part that we can see lit up is slowly getting smaller.

41. Phases of the Moon • Phase 8 - Waning Crescent - A small part of the moon is lit up at this point. It is getting smaller by the minute.

42. Phases of the Moon • Phase 1 - New Moon • Phase 2 - Waxing Crescent • Phase 3 - First Quarter • Phase 4 - Waxing Gibbous • Phase 5 - Full Moon • Phase 6 - Waning Gibbous • Phase 7 - Last Quarter • Phase 8 - Waning Crescent

43. Who’s hungry?

44. What will the moon look like tonight? • Let’s take a look: • http://stardate.org/nightsky/moon/

45. The Phases of the Moon Song -- by Myra LingleTo the tune – “The Wheels on the Bus” The phases of the moon go round, round, round, Round, round, round, round, round, round,The phases of the moon go round, round, round,All through the month. The new moon is the phase where you can’t seeAny light, any light,The new moon is the phase where you can’t see Any light at all.

46. The waxing crescent has a sliver of light,Sliver of light, sliver of light,The waxing crescent has a sliver of lightA sliver of light on the right. The first quarter phase is half lit up,Half lit up, Half lit up,The first quarter phase is half lit upThe right half has the light.

47. The waxing gibbous is more than a half But not quite full, not quite full. The waxing gibbous is more than half The full moon will be next. The full moon is a circle of light, Circle of light, circle of light, The full moon is a circle of light, That lights up the night sky.

48. The waning gibbous is less than full, Less than full, less than full, The waning gibbous is less than full, Coming after a full moon. The third quarter phase is half lit up, Half lit up, half lit up, The third quarter phase is half lit up, The left half has the light.

49. The waning crescent has a sliver of light, Sliver of light, sliver of light, The waning crescent has a sliver of light, The light is on the left. That’s our song about the phases of the moon, Phases of the moon, phases of the moon, That’s our song about the phases of the moon, A natural cycle of Earth.

50. SPI 0407.6.2 Infer that the moon’s phases are caused by the revolution of the moon and earth around the sun.