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Using State Data to Make a Case: The cases of California & Wisconsin

Dr. Colleen O’Brien Director The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education Council for Opportunity in Education. Dr. Alberto F. Cabrera Department of Educational Policy & Leadership University of Maryland.

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Using State Data to Make a Case: The cases of California & Wisconsin

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  1. Dr. Colleen O’Brien Director The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education Council for Opportunity in Education Dr. Alberto F. Cabrera Department of Educational Policy & Leadership University of Maryland Using State Data to Make a Case:The cases of California & Wisconsin

  2. Policy questions under examination • Readiness for college • Does GEAR UP have an impact on middle school students’ preparedness for college? • Financial aid • Is financial aid packaging stable across time? • Are all types of financial aid equally effective in promoting persistence in college?

  3. Policy question • Does GEAR UP have an impact on middle school students’ preparedness for college?

  4. An example of a longitudinal perspective for assessing GEAR UP • Unit of analysis • Cohorts of 7th graders attending 180 California public schools in the fall of 1999. • Cohorts followed from 6th grade to 8th grade • Variables • Dependent: mean scaled scores on the Stanford-9 tests in reading and mathematics • Independent: School characteristics Analytical Design for CA and National APRs

  5. Growth Trajectories among Californian Schools 1999-2001 • Across all schools, reading and math scores improved • Reading • 6th to 7th grade: +21.3 points • 6th to 8th grade: +30.5 points • Mathematics • 6th to 7th grade: +21.4 points • 6th to 8th grade: +24.7 points

  6. Examining the impact of financial aid packaging • State-based database: • University of Wisconsin System Longitudinal data base. • Subjects • Random sample of the freshman class of 1979. • Research design • Longitudinal tracking of changes in financial aid packaging during four years of college for the same student (1979-82). • Financial aid • Extracted from institutional records. • Method of analyses • Markov analyses

  7. Making sense of Markov analysis • Rows represent student aid packages students belonged at in their freshman year • Columns show their classification in their next three years of college. • Cells along the diagonal indicate the probability of maintaining the same student aid packaged across four years of college • Off diagonal cells indicate the probability of changing financial aid packaging.

  8. Financial Aid Packaging Across Time Stability in financial aid packaging

  9. What is the probability of receiving only grants across 4 years of college?

  10. Financial Aid Packaging Across Time

  11. Financial Aid Packaging Across Time

  12. What is the probability of receiving only loans across 4 years of college?

  13. Financial Aid Packaging Across Time

  14. Financial Aid Packaging Across Time

  15. To what extent is financial aid packaging stable across time? • To what extent are all types of financial aid equally effective in promoting persistence in college?

  16. Financial Aid Packaging Across Time

  17. Examples of promising State-based databases • State of Washington • Texas • Wisconsin • Nevada

  18. Thank you!

  19. Additional Material for Questions & Answers

  20. Potential research designs using state-based databases Dr. Cabrera

  21. References • Adelman, C. (1999). Answers in the tool box: Academic intensity, attendancepatterns, and bachelor’s degree attainment. Document # PLLI 1999-8021. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement. • Bensimon, E. M., Polkinghorne, D. E., Bauman, G. L. & Vallejo, E. (2004). Doing research that makes a difference. Journal of Higher Education, 75(1), pp. 104-126. • Cabrera, A. F., Burkum, K. R. & La Nasa, S. M. (2005). Pathways to a four year degree: Determinants of transfer and degree completion. In A. Seidman (Ed.). College Student Retention: A Formula for Student Success. ACE/Praeger series on Higher Education. • Cabrera, A. F., Prabhu, R., Deil-Amen, R., Terenzini, P. T., Lee, C., & Franklin, R. F., Jr. (2006). Increasing the college preparedness of at-risk students. Journal of Latinos and Education, 5(2), 79-97

  22. References • Stampen, J. O. & Cabrera, A. F. (1988). The targeting and packaging of student aid and its effects on attrition. Economics of Education Review, 7, 29-46. • Stampen, J. O. & Cabrera, A. F. (1986). Exploring the effects of student aid on attrition. The Journal of Financial Aid, 16, 28-40.

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