Unit 5 英语从句的翻译

1. Unit 5英语从句的翻译 • 第一节 定语从句的翻译 • 第二节 同位语从句的翻译 • 第三节 状语从句的翻译

2. 定语从句的译法

3. 一、英汉定语的比较 英语： 模式一 单词定语+中心词 模式二 中心词+短语or从句 汉语： 模式一 定语+中心词

4. 模式一 单词定语+中心词 • A stone building • Faded flowers • Boiling water • Boiled water • A gone case • The risen sun 一座石头砌的大厦 萎谢的花 开着的水 开水 无可挽救的事 升起了的太阳

5. 模式二 中心词+短语or从句 • 1. 以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词 • This is the only reference book available here on the subject. • This is the earliest edition obtainable. • 2. 修饰some, any, no, every 等词构成的不定代词和名词things, matters 的adj. There is nothing unexpected about it.

6. 模式二 中心词+短语or从句 • 3. 副词 They live in the room above. • 4. 具有表语力量的形容词 I am the happiest man alive. All the people present began to shout: “Welcome!”

7. 模式二 中心词+短语or从句 • 5. 由连词 “or”, “and”, “either…or”, “both.. and…” 连接的定语 Every nation, big or small, has its strong and weak points. • 6. 短语作定语 He suggested a method at once economical and practical.

8. 二、翻译方法 2.1译成定语——前置法 2.2译成并列分句——后置法 2.3 融合法— 译成谓语, 表语和主语合并译成主语 2.4 译成状语从句

9. 2.1 译成定语——前置法 译成带“的”的定语词置于被修饰词之前，复合句译成汉语的简单句。（1）The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。

10. (2) If the Buyer is unable to sell out the amount of goods which he has agreed to purchase from the Seller, the Buyer may reduce the quantity of goods to be delivered to him by giving written notice thereof to the Seller before the shipment is made. 如果买方不能销售他已同意从卖方所购数量的货物，买方可以书面通知卖方减少发货数量，再要求卖方发货。

11. (3) Party B guarantees that the technical documents to be supplied by Party B are the latest technical information which has been put into practical used by Party B. 乙方保证所提供的技术资料是乙方经过实际使用的最新技术资料。

12. 2.2译成并列分句——后置法 • 当定语从句较长时,将其译成并列分句,放置于原来它所修饰词的后面。先行词可保留并在第二个分句中重复；亦可省略。

13. （1）He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two ponds each. 他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两磅。 （2）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了

14. (3)The Seller ensure that all the equipment listed in Appendix One to the Contract are brand-new products whose performance shall be in conformity with the Contract and which are manufactured according to current Chinese National Standards or Manufacture’s Standard. 卖方保证本合同附件一所列全部设备都是新产品，是根据现行的中国国家标准，或生产厂的标准制造的，其性能符合合同规定。

15. 2.3 融合法—译成谓语, 表语和主语合并译成主语 There was another man who seemed to have answers, and that was Robert MeNamara. 另外一个人似乎胸有成竹,那就是麦克纳马拉。 • 系表结构 “We are a nation that must beg to stay alive,” said a foreign economist. 一位外国经济学家说道，“我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去。” • There be句型 There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。

16. 英语中有些定语从句， 兼有状语从句的职能，在意义上与主句有状语关系， 说明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系。翻译时应善于从原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑关系， 然后译成汉语各种相应的偏正复句。例如： 2.4译成状语从句: He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.（原因） 他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁。 In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories 在办公室里, 工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编, 以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。（目的）

17. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。

18. 定语从句翻译练习题 1) And someone with a history ofdoing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someonewho has not had an active mind. 习惯于多动脑筋而不是少动脑筋的人，在进入老年以后，要比一个从来不积极动脑子的人的认知能力更为健全。

19. 2)The time of daywhen you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. 每天，你感觉精力最充沛的时候正是你的体温循环周期处在高峰的时刻。

20. 3）A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. 人们经常在商界和政界之间进行一番对照： 商界自由竞争而政界垄断专权。

21. 4）For every coursethat he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. 学生学的每门课程都会给一个成绩并记入本人档案，将来可以向雇主们出示。

22. 5）Clotheswhich have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. 衣服尽管才穿了没几次，也因款式过时 而不得不搁置一边。

23. 6）A resolutionwas passed on enforcing sanctions upon Iraq, which extends support to Kuwait in safeguarding its sovereignty. 通过一项经济制裁伊拉克的决议，旨在支持科威特捍卫自己的主权 。

24. 7）A serious earthquake took place in Los Angeles last week which caused heavy losses of property. 上周洛杉矶发生了强烈的地震，造成严重的财产损失。

25. 8）He made the sound of sympathywhich comes so readily from thosewho have an independent income. 他发出了同情之声，这种声音是那些有独立收入的人最容易脱口而出的。

26. 1.9）Anyonewho thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. 如果有人认为理性认识可以不从感性认识得来，他就是一个唯心主义者。

27. 特种定语从句的翻译 特种定语从句主要是指由which 或as多或少引导的非限定性定语从句，which或 as多或少指代整个主句。 由 which引导的 定语从句常译成“从而”、“因而”。由as表及里引导的定语从句常译成“这”、“如”、“像”等词。例如： （1）Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created. 商务是指生产、配送、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动，创造利润和经济盈余。

28. （2）International trade transactions refer to the exportation of goods or services from one country to another, which is the importing country. （译成同位语） 国际贸易是指将商品或服务从一个国家出口到另一个国家，即进口的国家。

29. （3）The Multilateral Agreement on Investment aims to achieve a situation where foreign investors are not discriminated against, but they are still subject to the same substantive laws and regulations that apply to domestic investors. （译文将关系副词译成“境界”，在破折号后直接导出具体内容。 ） 多边投资协定的目标是要达到这样一种境界———外国投资者不受歧视，但他们仍和国内投资者一样接受同样的基本法规的管制。

30. （4）In addition to visible trade, which involves the importing and exporting of tangible goods, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. (译成“……的”字结构，置于它所修饰的名词前） 除了这种进出口商品的有形贸易以外，还有一种国与国之间进行交换服务的无形贸易。

31. 第二节 同位语从句 • 1．保持原文的语序 • （1）He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. • 他表示期望能再来中国访问。 • （2）We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. • 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。

32. 2．译为类似定语的结构或独成一句 • （1）Yet, from the beginning the fact that I was alive was ignored. • 然而，从一开始，我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。 • （2）It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. • 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的

33. 3．加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼进行翻译3．加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼进行翻译 • （1） But considering realistically, • we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. • 但是现实考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。

34. （2）That fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of the earth explains many things. • 地球引力把一切东西都吸向地心这一事实解释了许多现象。 • （3）Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics. • 不久以前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把这种废物变成塑料。

35. 4．改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主语句或其他方式译出4．改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主语句或其他方式译出 • （1）An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the sky-lab should be sent back. • 已下命令将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送回来。 • （2）Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error. • 即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。

36. （3）However, the writing of chemical symbols in the form of an equation does not give any assurance that the reaction shown will actually occur. • 但是，将化学符号写成反应式，并不意味着所表示的反应确实会发生。 •  （4）And there was the possibility that a small electrical sport might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit. • 而且总有这种可能性---- 一个小小的电火花,可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路.

37. 英语状语和状语从句的功能可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步和目的等。英语状语和状语从句的功能可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步和目的等。 • （1） He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it. • 他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。 • （2） Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. • 在有疑问的地方做个记号

38. 第三节 状语从句的翻译 • 将状语从句译成汉语时, 一般应按照汉语的语序习惯来译, 即根据从句所表达的不同语气和意义, 可将状语从句放在句首, 也可以放在句尾。必要时也可以将其译成一个单句或其它从句， 如定语从句等。我们通常可以采用以下几种方法来翻译状语从句。 • 一．前置译法 • 1．While she spoke, tears were running down. • 她说话时， 泪水直流。 • 2．Please turn off the light when you leave the room. • 离屋时请关灯。 • 3．Wherever there is matter, there is motion. • 哪里有物质， 哪里就有运动。

39. 4．It was better in case they were captured. • 要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。 • 5．While I grant his honesty, I suspect his memory. • 虽然我对他的诚实没有异议， 但我对他的记忆力却感到怀疑。 • 6．No matter what misfortune befell him, he always squared his shoulders and said: “Never mind, • I’ll work harder.” • 不管他遭受什么不幸事儿， 他总是把胸一挺， 说：“没关系， 我再加把劲。” • 7． The value of health is not esteemed until it is lost. • 人要到失去了健康，才知道健康的可贵。 • 8．Though I were starving, I would not ask a favor of him. • 我纵然饿死，也不去向他求助。

40. 二．后置译法 • 1．The steel is heated until it becomes red. • 将钢加热到发红。 • 2．We should start early so that we might get there before noon. • 我们应该早点动身， 以便中午前赶到那里。 • I could understand his point of view, in that I’d been in a similar position. • 我能够理解他的观点， 因为我自己也有过类似的处境。 • 4．Electricity flows through a wire just as water flows through a pipe. • 电流通过导线，正像水流过管子一样。 • 5．You can drive tonight if you are ready. • 你今晚可以出车， 如果你愿意的话。（这种欧式句型经借用以后， 已经成了汉语的一种组句方式， 并为中国读者所接受，但译成这样的句式要视上下问的语境， 千万不可刻意为之，如使用不当， 效果截然相反。）

41. 三．译成分句 • 1．The tape recorder is so small that you can carry it in your pocket. • 这台录音机体积小， 可以把它放在衣袋里。 • 2．They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. • 他赎金还没有交， 他们就把他放了。 • 3．She sang as she prepared the experiment. • 她一边唱歌， 一边准备实验。 • 4．Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. • 他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。 • 5．I still think that you made a mistake while I admit what you say. • 就算你说得对，我仍然认为你做错了。 • 6．After all, it did not matter, because in 24 hours, they were going to be free. • 反正关系不大， 二十四小时以后他们就要自由了。

42. 7．When we were about to get away a police car came to the front door. • 我们正准备离开， 一辆警车来到前门。 • 8．Ships were built, and kept thoroughly efficient, so much so that the country remained safe for very many years. • 兵舰造出来了， 而且发挥了充分的效能， 国家得以多年太平无事。 • 9．Most comets are so dim that they cannot be seen by the naked eye. • 大多数慧星都很暗， 肉眼是看不见的。

43. 四、国际商务合同中状语（从句）的翻译 • 但在商务英语中，特别是在国际商务合同中，商务合同是合同各方就相互权利义务达成一致意见而订立的书面文件。这种书面文件主要约定双方应享有的权利和应履行的义务，但这种权利的行使和义务的履行，均附有各种条件。当条件成熟时，当事人的权利才能实现，或义务方可履行。请看下列例句 • 1．状语 (1) in case of • e.g. In case of quality discrepancy, claims shall be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. • 若发生质量索赔，买方的索赔必须在货物到达目的港的30天内提出。

44. (2) in the event of • e.g. In the event of graft or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the general manager and/or deputy general managers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to dismiss them at will. • 若总经理和/或副总经理有营私舞弊或严重失职时，董事会有权随时将其撤换。 • (3) in consideration of 考虑到；鉴于；由于 • e.g. In consideration of the Licenses and technical assistance provided herein, the Joint Venture Company shall pay Party A technical assistance fees in USD.

45. 考虑到许可以及在此提供的技术援助，合资公司将以美圆的方式支付甲方技术援助费。考虑到许可以及在此提供的技术援助，合资公司将以美圆的方式支付甲方技术援助费。 • (4) subject to 在……条件下；根据…..规定； • 在…..规定的范围内；以……为有效。 • e.g. Subject to the terms to this Agreement, the Producer agrees to be bound by the terms to the following markrting agreement. • 在本协议的条件下，制造商同意接受下列销售协议各项条款的约束。

46. 2．状语从句 • （1）If the Force Majeure event lasts over 60 days, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract or the undelivered part of the Contract. • 若不可抗力事件持续60天以上，买方有权撤消本合同或合同中未完成的部分。

47. （2）In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to Arbitration Tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce in accordance with the Arbitration Rules and Procedure of the said Tribunal. • 如通过协商仍不能达成协议时，应提交斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院，根据该院的仲裁规则和程序进行仲裁。

48. （3）In the event that deficiencies in the Equipment become evident, such deficiencies shall be corrected by ABC during the two days per week during which the Purchaser will not be testing. • 若发现设备有缺陷，应由ABC用每周买方不进行试验的这两天时间对设备予以校正

49. （4）Should any of the stipulations to the Contract be altered, amended, supplemented or deleted, the same shall be negotiated between and agreed upon by both parties and written documents shall be signed by the representatives of both parties. • 本合同条款的任何变更、修改或增删，须经双方协商同意，并由双方代表签署书面文件为有效。

50. （5）Neither party shall have the right to represent the other party unless otherwise arranged. • 除另有安排者外，任何一方无权代 • 表 另一方。（unless从句中的主语 • 和动词be常省去。） • （6）We can sell a lot of garments provided that your price is highly competitive. • 如果你方价格很有竞争性，我方就可大量出售。