Development of Constitutional Democracy in Europe

1. Development of Constitutional Democracy in Europe Type of government: From few in power to many Participating, limits on the Power

2. Standard

3. Essential Question – Understand How did Europeans ideas affected America? Big ideas/ Concepts • Relationships • Changes

4. Focus Question • What is government? • Where do the colonists get their ideas about government? • Why did the American colonists have the rights of Englishmen? • How did constitutional democracy develop in Great Britain / England? • What is a Constitution? • What is Constitutional government? • What is the significance of historical documents such as the Magna Carta & The English Bill of Rights?

5. Where do the colonists got their ideas about government? • British citizens living in America colonies

6. Development of Constitutional Democracy in Great Britain(Europe) • How did Europe go from no participation ( 1 person Gov./ Monarch) to a constitutional democracy? ?

7. Government What is government? Ideas of government • Purpose of government

8. Constitutional DemocracyType of government Democracy Constitution / Constitutional

9. DEMOS • common people • KRATOS • Rule / strength/ power

10. DEMOCRACY • Direct Democracy • Greeks (Greece) • Everyone participates in government • By voting • Every vote is counted • Indirect Democracy • Romans (Rome) • Also known as Republic or republican form of government • People participates by electing /voting REPRESENTATIVES or delegates

11. DemocracyType of government / people participates • Direct Democracy • Indirect Democracy or Republic

12. What is a Constitution? • Constitution • Legal framework for government • How government is organized and run • Higher law of the country • Written or based in customs & traditions • Ours is a written document • Basic Principles • Limited government • Separation of powers • Popular sovereignty

13. What is a Constitutional Democracy or Constitutional government? • Constitutional Democracy • Set limits to the government • People Participates • elections – directly or indirectly, through representatives • Designed to protect people from abuses of government’s power • Opposite to constitutional government • Dictatorship or autocratic • Government with unlimited power

14. Development of Constitutional Democracy in Great Britain(Europe) • How did Europe go from no participation ( 1 person Gov./ Monarch) to a constitutional democracy? ?

15. How did constitutional democracy develop in Great Britain? • Constitutional Democracy in Great Britain • Many centuries (100’s of years) • Monarch • Monarchy shared power with nobles (separation of powers) • Documents limiting power of government • Representatives were elected & share power • Rights to more people

16. 1. Absolute Monarchy

17. Monarchy & Feudalism • Feudalism = social, economic & political organization • Based on control of the land • Strict social classes • Responsibilities & loyalty = agreements / contracts • between king & nobles / nobles & common people • Introduced the idea of government based in contracts & agreements • Monarch share some power with nobility • Nobles got used to having certain rights & powers

18. 2. Magna Carta (1215) or Great Charter • King John ( absolute monarchy) • abusing power/ tried to take some rights from nobles • Nobles rebelled - forced King John to sign the Magna Carta (document) • Taking some power from king / Limits powers of the king

19. Important ideas behind Magna Carta • Government is based on a contract between ruler & people ( social contract) • Either side breaks the contract, that contract is no longer valid • Rule of law • Nobody is above the law • All must obey / law applies to all • Limits power of government/ king

20. Magna Carta – Rights • Rule of law – nobody is above the law / rules apply to all • Balance of power • Limited power • Power of the purse ( $$)= protection from arbitrary taxation 5. Security of private property • Due process of law ( steps/ order/ system) • Judgment by one’s peers = trial by jury

21. Magna Carta / Significance • contract = king & nobles • Common people not part of agreement • Magna Carta early step • Eventually rights given to the nobles will be given to ALL English people, not just noblemen & freemen.

22. 3. Development of Parliament • Other changes in government… • 1258 – advisory council to the king • Parliament • Bicameral = two groups of representatives • House of Lords & House of Commons • Gradually role of Parliament grew • Not just counselors/ advisors, but representatives • Legislature branch / help makes laws

23. 3.Parliament • Legislature • growth of an independent legislature share power w/ king • Representatives • Make laws or legislate • Development of “Habeas Corpus” a person can not be held in prison without being charged and tried.

24. 4. Protestant Reformation (1500’s) • Faith / Religious – Christianity • Complaints or protests against Catholic Church • New Churches • Members of churches set councils to create and enforce rules = idea of Self- government • Henry VIII Martin Luther Split of Christian Church in many different denominations

25. 5.Petition of Right • 1628 • King can only rise taxes with consent of Parliament • King can not house soldiers in homes of people • English subjects had certain rights that government could not violate

26. 6. Glorious Revolution & 7. English Bill of Rights Glorious Revolution (1688) • King James • Mary & William • Protestants • Invited to become Queen & King of England • To avoid having a Catholic King • No bloodshed

27. 7. English Bill of Rights • 1689 • More limits on the power of the King • Supremacy of Parliament • Agreement to respect rights of Englishmen & Parliament • People have the right to petition the king

28. Summary – Notes Review • How the feudal system promoted the idea that government is a contract between government and the governed? • Explain the importance of each of these documents: • Magna Carta (1215) • Petition of Rights (1628) • English Bill of Rights (1689) • Explain how the struggles between the monarchy & the nobility led to limited government in Great Britain?

29. 8. Enlightenment • Age of Reason • 1600’s & 1700’s • Science & reason • Logic – intellectual movement • Knowledge – How things work / WHY?

30. Enlightenment - Philosophers • John Locke • Natural Rights • Social Contract • Jean – Jacques Rousseau • Social Contract • Warning • Baron de Montesquieu • Separation of Powers

31. John Locke – Natural Rights • Rights that everyone has • Rightsyou are born with • Life • Liberty • Pursued of Happiness • Private Property

32. Locke – Social Contract • Invisible Contract • Agreement • Between government & people (governed) • Government rule as long as they protect natural rights of people

33. Jean – Jacques Rousseau • Social Contract + Warning • Warning= If government does not keep their part of the agreement people can break their part of the contract. ( revolution)

34. Baron de Montesquieu Separation of Powers • Divide power • 3 Branches of Government • Best Form of government • Can check on each other

35. Development of Constitutional Democracy From 1 person in power to ALL participating and limiting powers of government

36. Why did the American colonists have the rights of Englishmen? • American Colonists = British subjects living in America • Brought ideas from Europe/ Great Britain • As subjects of the king, the colonists enjoyed the rights of Englishmen • The colonists experiences with British government influenced what they thought about limited government. • The colonists expected their government to preserve their rights as English subjects.

37. Ideas of government Ideas of government Government’s Tree • Democracy • Majority rule • Natural rights • Representative government • Rule of law • Social Contract • Separation of Powers • Check & Balances • Equal rights

38. Government What is government? Purpose of government

39. Standard / Focus • Where do the colonists got their ideas about government? • How did constitutional democracy develop in Great Britain / England? • What is a Constitution? • What is Constitutional government? • Why did the American colonists have the rights of Englishmen?

40. Process • Neatly create a time line that express the development of Constitutional Democracy in Europe. • Include Dates ( years as discussed in class) • Visual Representations or illustrations for each step (color your visuals) • Briefly answer the following question – Use complete sentences / sentences & paragraphs format. Describe the development of constitutional democracy in Europe, and explain how this relate to America. (relationship – how it affected America)

41. THE END 