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The EMS - TOOLS

The EMS - TOOLS. Goals : Describe the EM spectrum in terms of wavelength, speed and energy and how it reveals the temperature and make up of a star Identify various instruments that scientists use to detect different wavelengths in the EM spectrum

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The EMS - TOOLS

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  1. The EMS - TOOLS

  2. Goals: • Describe the EM spectrum in terms of wavelength, speed and energy and how it reveals the temperature and make up of a star • Identify various instruments that scientists use to detect different wavelengths in the EM spectrum • Recognize that some forms of EM radiation are beneficial while others are harmful

  3. Think About It Look at the spectrum shown below. Record in your notebook the colors in the order they appear. Draw a picture to go with your notes. • What does a prism reveal about visible light? • The Sun produces light energy that allows you to see. What other kinds of energy come from the Sun? Can you see them? Why or why not?

  4. A prismreveals that visible light can be dispersed into band of colors called a spectrum (red, orange, yellow, green, blue indigo, violet.) • Energy from the Sun:- light, heat, radiation • The Sun is the source of:- wind energy, biomass energy , solar energy

  5. Electromagnetic Spectrum diagram • Draw diagram on page 674 (Prentice Hall) in your NB. • Which type of radiation has: - shortest wavelength • Longest wavelength? • Paste diagram of electromagnetic spectrum

  6. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

  7. Radio Waves • Humans use for radio, cell phones & television communication; RADAR; MRI’s • In space, given off by stars, galaxies, pulsars • Large Wavelength • Frequency = 104 Hertz • Energy = Low

  8. Microwaves • Humans use for cooking food; Doppler radar (weather forecasting); telephone communication • In space: microwaves are part of cosmic background radiation which gave clues to beginning of the universe • Frequency = 108 Hertz • Energy = Low • Wavelength= short

  9. Infrared • Heat energy (because it makes our skin feel warm) • Humans use for heating; used in computers to read CD-roms • In astronomy, infrared can penetrate dust and clouds to allow us to “see” newly forming stars • Frequency = 1012 Hertz • Energy = Medium • Wavelength= very short

  10. Visible Light • EM waves that we can see with our eyes • Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet are colors of visible spectrum • In astronomy, visible light is used for observing objects with our eyes • Frequency = 1015 Hertz • Energy = Medium • Wavelength=

  11. Ultraviolet (UV) • Can cause sunburn/ skin cancer in humans, kill bacteria on medical supplies • In astronomy, help identify young and old stars • Frequency = 1016 Hertz • Energy = Medium – High • Wavelength= very short

  12. X-Rays • Humans can use for medical reasons • In astronomy, help identify neutron stars and black holes • Frequency = 1018 Hertz • Energy = High • Wavelength= very short (they can go through you) • Can cause cancer

  13. Gamma Rays • Humans can use to kill cancer cells • In astronomy, help identify neutron stars and black holes • Frequency = 1018 Hertz • Energy = very high • Can cause cancer

  14. Tools for Studying Space • Radio Telescopes • X-ray telescopes (Hubble Space Telescope) • Solar Telescopes

  15. Visible Light – Hubble Telescope • Orbits around the Earth; • 600 km above the Earth • Can “see” without the distraction of Earth’s atmosphere. • Shows how stars are born; how they die; how galaxies evolve; that black holes exist

  16. GLAST (Fermi) • Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) • Able to study black holes; neutron stars

  17. Chandra X-Ray Observatory • Images of • Supernovas • Pulsars • nebula

  18. Spitzer Space Telescope (IR)

  19. Very Large Array • Radio telescopes • M87 elliptical galaxy

  20. Spectroscope Lab • EQ: What does a spectroscope reveal about visible light? • A Spectrometer is an instrument used by scientists to break light into its component wavelengths. • Use a spectroscope to examine the properties of natural light, fluorescent light, and incandescent light.

  21. Record your observations in the NB and answer the following questions • How did the colors and the orders of the colors differ between fluorescent and incandescent light? • What if you would look at the light from other stars? What do you think it would look like?

  22. Answers The order of colors is the same for all three types of light. The fluorescent light has bands that were brighter

  23. Comparison of fluorescent and incandescent Incandescent bulb Fluorescent tube No element Lasts longer More efficient/ save energy Cost more but last longer • Has a filament • Lasts a short time • Less efficient (a lot of energy lost as heat) • Cost less but have to be replaced frequently

  24. Discuss the following questions and write the answers on provided chart paper? • The Sun looks yellow, can warm the surface of your skin and can also give you a bad sunburn. Explain these 3 every day phenomena in terms of wavelength. • Which wavelengths of light can be more harmful to you than others? Why? • Describe the relationship between wavelength and energy in the EMS. Based upon this relationship why do astronomers use x-ray telescopes to study supernova explosions and black holes?

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