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Disease/Disorders of the Heart

Disease/Disorders of the Heart. Coronary Artery Disease. Angina Pectoris: Chest pain, caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscle, treat with nitroglycerin to dilate coronary arteries. Edema fluid in tissues, often caused by poor circulation. Myocardial Infarction. MI or Heart Attack

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Disease/Disorders of the Heart

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  1. Disease/Disorders of the Heart

  2. Coronary Artery Disease • Angina Pectoris: Chest pain, caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscle, treat with nitroglycerin to dilate coronary arteries. • Edema fluid in tissues, often caused by poor circulation

  3. Myocardial Infarction • MI or Heart Attack • Lack of blood supply to the myocardium causes damage. • Due to blockage of coronary artery or blood clot • Amount of damage depends on size of area deprived of oxygen

  4. Myocardial Infarction cont. • Symptoms: severe chest pain radiating to left arm, shoulder, arm, neck, and jaw, also nausea, diaphoresis, dyspnea • Immediate medical care is critical • RX bedrest, oxygen, medication • Morphine for pain tPA to dissolve the clot • Anticoagulant therapy to prevent further clots • Angioplasty and by-pass surgery may be necessary

  5. Vascular Diseases • Aneurysm • Arteriosclerosis • Atherosclerosis • Hypertension • Hypotension • Embolism • Varicose veins

  6. Disorders of the Blood Vessels • Aneurysm: ballooning of an artery, thinning and weakening • Arteriosclerosis: arterial walls thicken, lose elasticity • Atherosclerosis: fatty deposits form on walls of arteries

  7. Aneurysm http://www.webmd.com/video/abdominal-aortic-aneurysms-stent-graft-trial

  8. Hypertension High blood pressure Silent Killer usually no symptoms Leads to strokes, heart attacks, kidney failure Higher in African Americans and post-menopausal women Risk factors=smoking , overweight, stress, high fat diets, family history Treatment relaxation, low fat diet exercise weight loss, medication Hypotension Low blood pressure systolic <100

  9. Varicose veins swollen, distended veins heredity or due to posture, prolonged periods of standing, physical exertion, age and pregnancy • Embolism is a traveling blood clot

  10. Diagnosis and Treatment • Electrocardiogram • Coronary Bypass • AED • Defibrillation • CPR • Artificial Pacemaker • Angiogram

  11. Electrocardiogram • Electrical Tracing of the heart

  12. Heart Surgery • Coronary By-pass usually a healthy vein from the leg removed and attached before and after the coronary obstruction creating an alternate route for blood supply to the myocardium.

  13. AED • Automated External Defibrillator • Defibrillation – electrical shock to bring the heart back to a normal rhythm. • CPR- cardiopulmonary resuscitation, used in presence of cardiac arrest.

  14. Artificial Pacemaker: when the heart has conduction (electrical impulse) defect • demand pacemaker-fires only when heart rate drops below programmed minimum • Causes heart to contract

  15. Angiogram • X-ray of a blood vessel using dye.

  16. Website Surgery Game • http://www.abc.net.au/science/lcs/heart.htm • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/science/health-human-body-sci/

  17. The End

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