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Guide to Trees and Shrubs in Europe

Explore oak, maple, hazel, sweet chestnut, birch, and beech trees with detailed information on leaves, flowers, and fruit. Discover the beauty of European flora!

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Guide to Trees and Shrubs in Europe

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  1. Trees and shrubs This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein

  2. OAK/LE CHENE/QUERCUS It is a treeorshrub in the genusQuercus of whichabout 600 speciesexist on earth. Leaves: Theyarespirallyarranged ,with a lobedmargin in manyspecies; someoakshaveserratedleavesorentireleaves with a smoothmargin. Flowers: Theyarecatkins, produced in spring Fruit: It is a nut calledanacorn, borne in a cup-likestructureknown as a cupule; eachacorncontains one seed (rarelytwoorthree) and takes 6–18 months to mature, depending on species.

  3. MAPLE/L’ELABRE CHAMPETRE/ACER It is a treegrowing to 10–45 m in height. Othersareshrubs less than 10 m tall. Leaves: Theyarepalmateveinedand lobed, with 3-9 (rarely to 13) veinseachleading to a lobe, one of whichis central orapical. Flowers: Theyaregreen, yellow, orangeor red. Fruit: The distinctivefruitarecalledsamarasor "maplekeys". Theseseeds, or 'whirlybirds,' occur in distinctivepairseachcontainingone seedenclosed in a "nutlet" attached to a flattenedwing of fibrous, paperytissue. Theyareshaped to spinas theyfall and to carry the seeds a considerabledistanceon the wind. Childrenoftencallthem "helicopters" dueto the waythattheyspin as theyfall.

  4. THE HAZELS/LE NOISETIER/CORYLUS Theyare a genus of deciduoutrees and largeshrubs. Leaves: Theyaresimple with double-serratemargins. Flowers: Theyareproducedveryearly in spring before the leaves, and aremonoecious, with single-sex catkins. Fruit: It is a nut 1–2.5 cm long and 1–2 cm diameter, surrounded by aninvolucre (husk) whichpartly to fullyencloses the nut.

  5. SWEET CHESTNUT/LECHATAIGNER/CASTANEA SATIVA It is a medium-sized to largedeciduoustreeattaininga height of 20-35 m with a trunkoften2 m in diameter. Leaves: Theyareoblong-lanceolate, boldlytoothed ,16-28 cm long and 5-9 cm broad. Flowers: The flowersof bothsexesare borne in 10-20 cm long, uprightcatkins.. Fruit: It is a brownish nut.

  6. COMMON BIRCH/LE BOULEAU/BETULA Birch species are generally small to medium-size trees or shrubs. Leaves: They are simple and may be toothed or pointed. Flowers: They are catkins. Fruit: It is a small samara.

  7. BEECH/LE HETRE/FAGUS It is a genus of ten species of deciduous tree in the family Fagaceae. Leaves: They are entire or sparsely toothed, from 5–15 cm long and 4–10 cm broad. Flowers: The flowers are small single-sex (monoecious), the female flowers borne in pairs, the male flowers wind-pollinating catkins, produced in spring shortly after the new leaves appear. Fruit: The fruit is a small, sharply three–angled nut 10–15 mm long.

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