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Bioaccumulation in aquatic- and riparian-feeding birds at the Kingston Ash Spill

Bioaccumulation in aquatic- and riparian-feeding birds at the Kingston Ash Spill. Jesse Morris † Elizabeth Burton † Suzy Young ‡ Amber Stojak ‡ T. Hill Henry ¶ † Restoration Services Inc.; ‡ ARCADIS U.S., Inc.; ¶ Tennessee Valley Authority. Elizabeth Burton.

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Bioaccumulation in aquatic- and riparian-feeding birds at the Kingston Ash Spill

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  1. Bioaccumulation in aquatic- and riparian-feeding birds at the Kingston Ash Spill Jesse Morris † Elizabeth Burton † Suzy Young ‡ Amber Stojak ‡ T. Hill Henry ¶ †Restoration Services Inc.; ‡ ARCADIS U.S., Inc.; ¶ Tennessee Valley Authority Elizabeth Burton

  2. TVA Response to the Spill: Birds Elizabeth Burton Osprey nest Nicholas Morris

  3. Study Objectives • Determine whether trace elements are bioavailable to birds occupying different trophic levels/feeding ecologies • Compare observed concentrations to literature-derived values to assess potential exposure and effects to bird populations

  4. Conceptual Exposure Model Elizabeth Burton Nicholas Morris

  5. Study Design: Collection

  6. Study Design: Processing

  7. Sample Locations Osprey Sites = 10 n = 9 (2009) n = 10 (2010) Kingston Fossil Plant Heron Sites = 2 n = 10 (2009) n = 13 (2010) n = 20 (2011) Canada Geese Sites = 6 n = 5 (2009) n = 25 (2010) n = 23 (2011)

  8. Results • Osprey and goose eggs: Preliminary analysis of 2009 and 2010 data • Heron eggs: In depth modeling of all trace elements and biometrics for 2009 and 2010 • 2011 data Nicholas Morris

  9. Great Blue Heron Eggs • 15 of 26 trace elements not detected Nicholas Morris • 11 trace elements detected: • Potassium • Selenium • Sodium • Strontium • Zinc • Barium • Calcium • Copper • Magnesium • Manganese • Mercury Magnesium: Tukey-Kramer, Year (p=0.0336) • No significant biometrics

  10. Selenium Toxicity in Birds http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1655/pp1655_v1.1.pdf From: Skorupa & Ohlendorf, 1991. Contaminants in drainage water and avian risk thresholds. Pp 345-386 In: The economics and management of water and drainage in agriculture (Dinar & Ziberman, eds).

  11. Selenium and Hatchability • Mallard: 7.7-15 mg/kg (Adams et al. 2003; Ohlendorf 2003, 2007; Beckon et al. 2008) • Black-necked-stilt: 6-7 mg/kg or 21-31 mg/kg (USDOI 1998, Adams et al. 2003) • Black-crowned night heron: 16.5 mg/kg (Smith et al. 1998) • American avocet: 60 mg/kg (USDOI 1998) Nicholas Morris Mike Baird Alain Carpentier Anna M. Calvert Don DeBold

  12. Great Blue Heron Eggs Selenium Selenium 5 -- Nicholas Morris 4 -- Selenium Concentration in Eggs (mg/kg dry mass) 3 -- 2 -- 2009 2010 2009 2010 Impacted Reference Tukey-Kramer, Impacted 2010>Reference 2009 (p=0.0091)

  13. Osprey Eggs Selenium T-test, Site (p=0.928) Selenium Concentration in Eggs (mg/kg dry mass) Reference Impacted Note: Includes 2009 and 2010 data.

  14. Canada Goose Eggs Selenium Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney, Site (p<0.0001) Selenium Concentration in Eggs (mg/kg dry mass) Reference Impacted Note: Includes 2009 and 2010 data.

  15. Discussion Elizabeth Burton Nicholas Morris • Selenium concentrations • Heron and goose eggs: Elevated • Osprey eggs: Similar between locations • Potential causes • Difference in trophic leveland feeding ecology • Time lag • Many variables

  16. Path Forward • Analyze remaining osprey and goose data for other trace elements • Analyze 2011 data for heron and geese • Explore relationships with other studies John Harrison Elizabeth Burton Elizabeth Burton

  17. Additional Acknowledgements Dr. William Hopkins U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency Harriman Utility Board Adam Johnson Travis Walls Mirtha Martin Neil Carriker Wes James Lori Whitehorse Transmission Crew Jacqueline Iannuzzi Gina Houck Tim Negley Carolyn Meyer Tom Bock Jason Brown David Greenberg

  18. Questions?

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