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Chemical Messengers in the Nervous System

Chemical Messengers in the Nervous System. Endorphins and Hormones: two of the substances that are chemical messengers in the house. Objectives. Describe the different types of Neurotransmitters (7) AND give examples of each

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Chemical Messengers in the Nervous System

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  1. Chemical Messengers in the Nervous System Endorphins and Hormones: two of the substances that are chemical messengers in the house

  2. Objectives • Describe the different types of Neurotransmitters (7) AND give examples of each • Use Compare and Contrast Vocabulary such as: On the other hand, However, but, nonetheless. To construct your summary.

  3. Scaffolding • Neurotransmitters make it possible excite or inhibit another neuron, Chemical release, determin if fire • Exist in Brain and spinal cord and Peripheral nerves • Nerve circuits effect mood, memory, well being • Depends on type of neurotransmitter, level, and location

  4. chapter 4 Major neurotransmitters Serotonin Dopamine Acetylcholine (Ach) Norepinephrine Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins

  5. Types of Neurotransmitters • 1st Serotonin • Affects neurons several areas: • Sleep • Dreams • Appetite • sensory perception • Temp. regulation • Pain suppression • Mood

  6. Serotonin

  7. 2nd type Dopamine • Affects neurons in • Excitement level • Voluntary movements • Learning • Memory • Emotion • Possibility Response to novelty

  8. Dopamine

  9. 3rd Acetylcholine-a·ce·tyl·cho·line • Neurons in: • Muscle action • Muscle contraction • Cognitive functioning • Muscle Memory • Memory • Emotion

  10. Flexing

  11. 4thNorepinephrine-nor-ep-ih-NEF-rin • Affects Neurons in: • Energy Levels • Increased heart rate • Slowing of intestinal activity during stress • Released by Adrenal Gland

  12. 5th GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) • Majority inhibitor neurotransmitter in the BRAIN

  13. Inhibit- Less likely fire= GABA

  14. 6th Glutamate -glu·ta·mate  • Major excitatory neurotransmitter in brain • Released by 90% of brains neurons

  15. Effects cont…. • Tricky to pin down, neurotransmitters multiple roles, and interlay • DO NOT CAUSE DISORDERS. Aspirin relives headache but headache not caused by lack of aspirin • Most recreational drugs produce effect by blocking or enhancing of neurotransmitters

  16. Harmful effects • Low levels serotonin associated with depression, mental disorders • GABA- abnormal levels linked to epilepsy • Alzheimer's- loose brain cells acetylcholine, memory problems • Dopamine loss- Parkinson

  17. Endorphins: Brain’s natural Opiate • Endorphins- chemical messengers that reduce pain and promote pleasure. • Appetite, sexual activity • Shoot up when when animal or human is by under stress, afraid. AS A RESULT HELP FOR SURVIVAL. • Identified 1971 by Pert and Snyder; working with morphine (Heroin) • Binds receptor sites to the brain

  18. Best Feeling: exercise

  19. Hormones- Long distance Measures • Hormones make up 1/3 of chemical messengers • Produced primarily in endocrine glands (Endocrine System) • Promote body growth, digestion, metabolism

  20. chapter 4 The endocrine system Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream… …Hormones regulate growth, metabolism, sexual development and behavior, and other functions.

  21. The endocrine system

  22. 4 types of HORMONES=First 3 types of • Melatonin- Pinal gland in the brain; daily biological rhythms, promotes sleep (ch 5) • Oxytocin- Pituitary gland; injection of milk, promotes attachment and trust • Adrenal Hormones- Adrenal Glands, respond to non-emotional conditions, heat, cold, pain, physical exercise • Respond to nicotine, caffeine produce Adrenaline, can impair memory

  23. OXYTOCIN

  24. Sex Hormones • Gonads- Testes in men, ovaries in women • 3 main types in both sexes but varying degrees • Androgens (testosterone) in both but for males, deepen voice, hair • Estrogen- both, but female reproduction, menstruation, breast dev. • Progesterone- fertilized uterine lining for egg

  25. chapter 4 Hormones Melatonin Regulates daily biological rhythms Oxycotin Enhances uterine contractions during labor Adrenal hormones Involved in emotions and stress Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine Sex hormones Regulate development and functioning of reproductive organs Androgens, estrogens, and progesterone

  26. Summary • Types of neurotransmitters • Hormones/Endorphins

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