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CLIVAR 22-25 July 2007, Annapolis Piotr J. Flatau Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Aerosol-cloud microphysics-radiation: observations and global circulations models. CLIVAR 22-25 July 2007, Annapolis Piotr J. Flatau Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego. One of many possible “CPT” atmospheric science problems

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CLIVAR 22-25 July 2007, Annapolis Piotr J. Flatau Scripps Institution of Oceanography

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  1. Aerosol-cloud microphysics-radiation: observations and global circulations models CLIVAR 22-25 July 2007, Annapolis Piotr J. Flatau Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego

  2. One of many possible “CPT” atmospheric science problems Some research – state of the art (not CPT?) Transitions to operations – some include cloud microphysics (e.g. CSU, GFDL) Quick overview (new or recent problems, not all field projects) Thanks: Wiscombe, Ramanathan, “NSF (Jay, Walt)”, Mechoso, Ghan. “Modeling center’s letter”: Rasch, Donner, Zhang General comments

  3. Aerosols: sea-salt, SO4, soot, dust Cloud microphysics feedbacks Single column radiative transfer (forcing) Topics Anthropogenic climate change Monsoon Precipitation control (local draught, Sc regions) Air-sea interaction (sea-salt emissions) Decadal variability Gaps (GCM) Ice nuclei, cloud condensation nuclei, cloud microphysics parameterizations Vertical distribution, emission, scavenging (dry and wet) CLIVAR relevance ?

  4. 4th IPCC Report

  5. PACDEX 2007 (Source: V. Ramanathan and J Stith, Kaufman Symposium, June1, 2007)

  6. PACDEX (Pacific Dust Experiment) 2007 Dust as cloud nuclei, elevated dust Mid and upper troposphere forcing Community Atmosphere Model 3 can be used as transport model (soil dust, organic carbon, black carbon, sea-salt) Long range transport across Pacific UPPER LEVEL CLOUDS-AEROSOLS-MODELS (Source: PACDEC 4th release white paper 2007)

  7. Deployment of the ARM Mobile Facility in China 2008 (Xu et al. JGR, 2006, Steady decline of east Asian monsoon winds, 1969–2000: Evidence from direct ground measurements of wind speed)

  8. Deployment of the ARM Mobile Facility in China 2008 Atmospheric Radiation Program DOE: improve GCMsSingle column radiative transfer codesLong terms observations Transitions of observations to GCM - difficult Aerosol-climate, regional (northern drought, southern flooding) Impact on East Asian monsoon system CLOUDS-AEROSOLS-DYNAMICS (Source: Li at al. 2007 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement meeting, Monterey)

  9. VOCALS REx 2008: The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Aerosol-cloud-precipitation, drizzle formation – cloud cover reduction Anthropogenic (copper smelters) vs sea-salt, DMS Models – poor representation MBL processes and microphysics STRATOCUMULUS-AEROSOLS-MODELS

  10. VOCALS REx 2008: The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study

  11. Aerosol observations MPLNET (lidar) – vertical information about extinction Cloudsat/CALYPSO UAV

  12. NWP/data assimilation/GCMs Off line aerosol transport models (driven by global and/or mesoscale weather) Transport models incorporated into global circulation models, example CAM3 ECMWF – Global and regional Earth-system Monitoring using satellite and in-situ data (GEMS) project for operational global monitoring and forecast of atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. Aerosol optical depth assimilation vs radiances.

  13. Research topics

  14. Summary Field projects: PACDEX, VOCALS, AMF2008 concentrate on aerosols-cloud-climate-dynamics (Ci, Sc) feedbacks. Cloud and aerosol projects + radiometry. AERONET (very successful NASA Goddard project) MPLNET – vertical structure surface Satellites – radiances, data assimilation (MODIS, CloudSat, CALYPSO) Great progress in aerosol transport models (CAM3, NAAPS, CFORS, …) Strong efforts in aerosol data assimilation/transport models (e.g. ECMWF, NRL Monterey)

  15. … one thought … is that a CPT needs to have a very narrowly-defined project in order to succeed.  With aerosol, you typically get a kitchen-sink list of things we don't understand, and no one steps forward and says "This is the one key thing we need to know about aerosol, and a 3-yr CPT could make major headway on that one thing". (Warren Wiscombe, DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program Chief Scientist) DOE ARM program: improvements of GCMSingle column models Aerosol and cloud observations in the US and tropics+AMFOperational transitions (CPT)

  16. Aerosol vertical structure MPLNET

  17. Phil Rasch, Leo Donner, Minghua Zhang …we do not recommend that a CPT be identified to focus on a project as broad as the previous "climate sensitivity" study. We think it more likely that the project will succeed if it is restricted to improving a particular process of relevance to the climate system. CPT focus on implementation of a process representation that is already relatively well understood or characterized Even a topic as general as the "indirect effect" may be too broad. Improve the representation of physical processes (we assume that to mean physics routines, when one gets to code)

  18. Phil Rasch, Leo Donner, Minghua Zhang 1D radiation and cloud microphysics, and their: a) interaction with PDF approximations to cloud fraction; b) interaction with overlap characterizations; c) interactions with scavenging of aerosols and gases. Connections with satellite observations - CALIPSO and CLOUDSAT Predicting vertical velocity distributions in parameterizations of deep (shallow) convective clouds for improving indirect effect representations, transport, and scavenging.Improving the representation of aerosol optical and microphysical properties. Improving aerosol scavenging schemes in clouds (convective and stratiform).The related topic of improving formulations for ice nucleation (current CAM formulations for ice microphysics are almost non-existent) Exploring the sensitivity of convection to closure and trigger formulations.Including mesoscale organization in large scale parameterizations of convection.

  19. GFDL – implementation of two moment microphysics

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