The RFP IEA implementing agreement and its perspectives Piero Martin Consorzio RFX, Padova

1. The RFP IEA implementing agreement and its perspectives Piero Martin Consorzio RFX, Padova 14th Workshop of the IEA Implementing Agreement on RFP research Padova, 26-28 April, 2010

2. A volcano can be fun….if its quite jumping down from Etna top

3. RFP airlines RFP workshop Padova RFX

4. Implementing Agreement

5. What is IEA ? www.iea.org

6. Implementing Agreements: legal contracts • Ensuring energy security and addressing climate change issues in a cost-effective way are the main challenges of energy policies and in the longer term will be solved only through technology cooperation. • To encourage collaborative efforts to meet these energy challenges, the IEA created a legal contract – Implementing Agreement – and a system of standard rules and regulations. • This allows interested member and non-member governments or other organisations to pool resources and to foster the research, development and deployment of particular technologies

7. Existing Implementing Agreements

8. Fusion implementing agreements • Environmental, Safety and Economic Aspects of Fusion Power • Fusion Materials • Large Tokamaks • Nuclear Technology of Fusion Reactors • Plasma Wall Interaction in TEXTOR • Reversed Field Pinches • Spherical Tori • Stellarator Concept

9. Three Contracting Parties signed the IEA Implementing Agreement for a programme of research and development on Reversed Field Pinches in 1990: • the US Department of Energy, Euratom and the Government of Japan.

11. The IA Executive Committee • US Department of Energy • J. Sarff, TV George • Government of Japan • A. Komori, S. Masamune • Euratom • R. Giannella, P. Martin

12. Continuity in the ExCo leadership

13. Continuity in the ExCo leadership

14. Recent renewal of the Implementing Agreement • In the past twenty years the Implementing Agreement has played a key role in boosting RFP research though the coordination of international research and the promotion of cooperation in RFP experiments and theory. • The IA terms is 5 years, and the previous one expired in April 2010. • The IA Executive Committee decided to ask for a 5 years renewal (2010-2015). • The case was made and defended in front of the two relevant bodies: • IEA Fusion Power Coordinating Committee (FPCC), Paris, February 23-24, 2010 • IEA Committee on Energy Research and Technology (CERT), Paris, March 4, 2010

15. Recommendations for renewal The IA has been renewed: thanks to all of you!

16. We, the players

17. A dynamic and well-integrated community Stockholm Madison Padova Kyoto RFX-mod EXTRAP T2R RELAX MST

18. Welcome to USTC Hefei • We welcome the colleagues from the: Established in 1958, USTC has 1,163 full-time teachers and 360 researchers, among whom 28 are academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences or Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) Of its 15,000 plus students, over 2,400 are doctoral students, over 5,800 are master's students, and more than 7,400 are undergraduate students

19. The RFP: a tight link with University (all experiments in University environment) and a nursery for the fusion community

20. Operational space Non-axisymmetric shaping (three-dimensional) TOKAMAK STELLARATOR increasing |B|

21. Operational space Non-axisymmetric shaping (three-dimensional) TOKAMAK STELLARATOR increasing |B| Reversed Field Pinch RFP

22. Unique role of RFP The Reversed Field Pinch has a unique role in bridging knowledge between the tokamak and the stellarator Non-axisymmetric shaping (three-dimensional) TOKAMAK STELLARATOR increasing |B| Reversed Field Pinch RFP

23. Two successful research stories

24. Two successful research stories:- improving confinement

25. Maximum confinement and beta to date in MST. Maximum Confinement Maximum Beta Te Mercier Ti measured (C+6) B(a) < 0.25 T (PPCD with pellet injection) MST, Chapman et al., 2008

26. Improved confinement is comparable to that expected for a tokamak of the same size and current. • Use same Ip, n, Pheat, size, shape to define a tokamak reference. • is 10 times smaller in the RFP compared this way. Does not implytokamak scalingapplies to the RFP.

27. At high current plasma spontaneously self-organizes in a helical state (m=1, n= -7) Helical equilibria come with electron transport barriers

28. Characteristic phenomena in shallow-reversal regionHelical structure observed with high-speed camera in RELAX m = 1 amplitude (a.u.) Toroidal mode number n = 4 NOTE: Recent observation shows clear toroidal rotation of the simple helix

29. Two successful research stories:- improving confinement- controlling stability

30. Full stabilization of multiple RWMs in EXTRAP T2R • Intelligent shell feedback with 4x32 coils (full array) • black: Ref shot w/o fb • blue: P-control GP=2.0 • red: PID-control GP=10, GI=1.3x102 s-1, GD=3.3x10-3 s • With fb gain G=2, • main RWMs (-11,-10,-8,+5,+6) suppressed • n=+2 FE mode not fully suppressed • pulse duration more than twice • With fb gain G=10 (and PID-control): • suppression of n=+2 FE mode is achieved • pulse prolonged further • m=1 rms value is fully suppressed

31. Active control of a (2,1) mode in a ramped tokamak with qedge ≈ 2 Follows an idea realized in DIII-D on a proposal by In, Okabayashi, et al (with RFX participation) Okabayashi et al., paper EX/P9-5 2008 IAEA FEC, Geneva current w/o active control (2,1) amplitude qedge SXR

32. Active control of a (2,1) mode in a ramped tokamak with qedge ≈ 2 Follows an idea realized in DIII-D on a proposal by In, Okabayashi, et al (with RFX participation) Okabayashi et al., paper EX/P9-5 2008 IAEA FEC, Geneva current w/o active control (2,1) amplitude w/ active control qedge SXR

33. A growing and productive community • The RFP community has obtained in the last decade a large number of achievements in terms of: • Scientific excellence; • Performance of its devices; • Understanding and advancing the RFP as a fusion player; • Education and training; • Ability of interacting with the broader fusion community, talking the same language and contributing to the investigation of key issues for tokamak and stellarator, and for ITER and attracting fusion scientists to work on the RFP; • Ability of sharing resources with the broader plasma community; • Communication and recognition; • Growth of the groups

34. Advancing RFP, with full integration in the international fusion effort • Impressive improvement in confinement (and in its understanding), with (among others): • discovery of the new helical state and • proof of principle experiments like PPCD indicating the possibility of healing magnetic turbulence driven transport; • MHD stability feedback control: • leading-edge contribution to the tokamak, joint experiments with AUG, DIII-D, JT-60SA, ITER relevant projects; • Magnetic self-organization: • leading role in the USNSF Centre for Magnetic Self Organization, collaboration with astrophysics; • Three-dimensional physics, starting a positive interaction with the stellarator community to bridge gaps and build a common knowledge basis • (KIT experiments on LHD, stellarator scientists @this workshop, RFP scientists at IEA stellarator workshop)

35. The workshop

36. Welcome to the 14th Implementing Agreement Workshop 2010

37. About this workshop • 3 days, 10 session, 49 talks, 1 round table • MHD and its active control 1 & 2 • Transport 1 & 2 • Welcome to RFX • MHD: tearing dynamic, self-organization and feedback control • Three dimensional physics • Fast Particles, heating and current drive • Experiments in tokamak and stellarator and links with astrophysics • Finals session: a look into the future • Thanks for your patience for the agenda changes. • Stay on time, please!

38. Thanks to those who are making the workshop working ! Our local scientific and organizing committee

39. The challenge

40. The Great Green Wall Projects • Two major projects on human forestation to help preserve our environment: • In 1978, China launched the Great Green Wall initiative, scheduled for completion in 2050. The goal is tree coverage of about 42 percent of China's landmass, with a “wall” of trees 4500 km long, mainly to hold back the Gobi desert • A wall of trees is under “construction” which will stretch from Senegal to Djibouti as part of a plan to thwart the southward spread of the Sahara desert (7000 km long). • In 2005 the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, which monitors the state of the world's forests every few years, reported that 13 million hectares of global forests are lost annually, including 6 million hectares of what are described as primary forests-some of the most biologically diverse ecological systems in the world.

41. Bio-diversity is a value • Human planted trees can not substitute human made de-forestation • Human forestation is extremely important, but it is not enough. Mankind can never replace the diversity provided by nature

42. Alternatives to help achieving fusion faster • Fusion is close, but there are still complex problems to be solved. We need a joint international focused effort to make fusion a successful story. • Massive efforts are crucial and extremely important, but we should not forget the lesson from nature: diversity is a big value. • The fusion community has a main line, the tokamak, where most of the resources need to be concentrated, but alternatives like stellarator and RFP are crucial to provide diverse approaches and explore different regions of the parameter space, and to make the achievement of fusion faster. • Our challenge is to be dynamic and fruitful players in this diverse fusion world.