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What is Informatics?

What is Informatics?. Chris Curran, PhD, RN M8120 September 4, 2001. Goethe, 1810. The modern age has a false sense of superiority because it relies on the mass of knowledge that it can use, but what is important is the extent to which knowledge is organized and mastered. Terms.

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What is Informatics?

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  1. What is Informatics? Chris Curran, PhD, RN M8120 September 4, 2001

  2. Goethe, 1810 The modern age has a false sense of superiority because it relies on the mass of knowledge that it can use, but what is important is the extent to which knowledge is organized and mastered.

  3. Terms • Medical Informatics • Healthcare Informatics • Nursing Informatics

  4. Goal of Nursing Informatics “The goal of nursing informatics is to improve the health of populations, communities, families and individuals by optimizing information management and communication. This includes the use of technology in the direct provision of care, in establishing effective administrative systems managing and delivering educational experiences, supporting life-long learning and supporting nursing research.” Source: ANA. (2001, proposed). The Scope of Practice of Nursing Informatics and the Standards of Practice and Professional Performance for the Informatics Nurse Specialist

  5. First Definition: Nursing Informatics “The application of computer technology to all fields of nursing—nursing service, nurse education, and nursing research.” (Scholes and Barber, 1980, p. 70)

  6. Definition: Nursing Informatics Nursing informatics is a combination of nursing science, information science, and computer science to manage and process nursing data, information and knowledge to facilitate the delivery of health care. (Graves & Corcoran, 1989)

  7. Definition: Nursing Informatics • Nursing Informaticsis a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice. Nursing informatics facilitates the integration of data, information and knowledge to support patients, nurses and other providers in their decision-making in all roles and settings. This support is accomplished through the use of information structures and information technology. Source: ANA. (2001, proposed). The Scope of Practice of Nursing Informatics and the Standards of Practice and Professional Performance for the Informatics Nurse Specialist

  8. Definition: Medical Informatics The scientific field that deals with biomedical information, data and knowledge-their storage, retrieval, and optimal use for problem-solving and decision-making. (Shortliffe & Perreault, 2001)

  9. Nursing Nursing Informatics Nurses, patients, health, environment Nursing data, information, and knowledge Content of information Design, structure and presentation of information as it impacts nurses’ decision-making Using information applications and technology Optimizing information structures, applications and technology for use in managing and communicating data, information and knowledge The Metastructures, Concepts, and Tools of Nursing and Nursing Informatics Source: ANA. (2001, proposed). The Scope of Practice of Nursing Informatics and the Standards of Practice and Professional Performance for the Informatics Nurse Specialist

  10. What Informatics is Not… • Synonymous with computer technology

  11. Facts Recognized as a specialty for registered nurses by the American Nurses Association in 1992.

  12. Computers can’t…but Humans can… • Perceive data and information • Abstract data and information • Make decisions that involve values and risk preferences

  13. Scope of Informatics • Data, information, knowledge and wisdom • Communication and information management • Types, capabilities, and limitations of technology • Legal and ethical considerations of information

  14. Data Information Knowledge Wisdom Knowledge Workers Decision Making Informatics Competencies Workflow Technology Hardware Software Electronic Standards System Architecture Internet / WWW Database Key Concepts

  15. Data, Information and Knowledge(Blum, 1986) • Data are discrete entities that are described objectively without interpretation, • Information is data that are interpreted, organized, or structured, and • Knowledge is information that is synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized

  16. Wisdom Wisdom is the appropriate use of data, information and knowledge in making decisions and implementing nursing actions.

  17. Knowledge Workers • Definition: Knowledge work is non-repetitive, non-routine work consuming considerable levels of cognitive activity (Drucker, 1993). • Bring their knowledge, skills, judgment, and time to the organization

  18. Information Processed: Quantity vs. Quality (Patel, 1997)

  19. Decision Making • Models • Information Processing • Decision Analysis • Skill Acquisition • Uncertainty • Biases

  20. Decision Making • Process vs Outcome • Critical Thinking vs Decision Making

  21. Workflow • Process Mapping • Low Level vs High Level Processes

  22. Systems Architecture • Integrated • Distributed

  23. Overarching Standards of Practice for the Informatics Nurse Specialist 1. Incorporates theories, principles and concepts from appropriate sciences into informatics practice such as information, systems, and change theories; implementation methods, organizational culture, and database structures. 2. Integrates ergonomics and human-computer interaction principles into informatics solution design, selection, implementation and evaluation.  3. Systematically determines the social, legal, and ethical impacts of an informatics solution within nursing and health care. Source: ANA. (2001, proposed). The Scope of Practice of Nursing Informatics and the Standards of Practice and Professional Performance for the Informatics Nurse Specialist

  24. Informatics Nurse Specialist Standards of Practice Standard I. Identify the Issue or Problem Standard II. Identify Alternatives Standard III. Choose and Develop a Solution Standard IV. Implement the Solution Standard V. Evaluate and Adjust Solutions Source: ANA. (2001, proposed). The Scope of Practice of Nursing Informatics and the Standards of Practice and Professional Performance for the Informatics Nurse Specialist

  25. Informatics Nurse Specialist Standards of Professional Performance Standard I. Quality of Nursing Informatics Practice Standard II. Performance Appraisal Standard III. Education Standard IV. Collegiality Standard V. Ethics Standard VI. Collaboration Standard VII. Research Standards VIII. Resource Utilization Standard IX. Communication Source: ANA. (2001, proposed). The Scope of Practice of Nursing Informatics and the Standards of Practice and Professional Performance for the Informatics Nurse Specialist

  26. Theoretical Models • Schwirian (1986) • Graves & Corcoran (1989; 1995) • Staggers and Parks (1993) • ANA Scope and Standards Document (2001)

  27. Schwirian Model (1986) Source: Schwirian, P. M. (1986). The NI pyramid-A model for research in nursing informatics. Computers in Nursing, 4(3), 134-136.

  28. Graves and Corcoran Model(1989; 1995) Source: Graves, J. R., Amos, L. K., Huether, S., Lange, L., & Thompson, C.B. (1995). Description of a graduate program in clinical nursing informatics. Computers in Nursing, 13(2), 60-70.

  29. Staggers and Parks Nurse-Computer Interaction Framework (1993) Source: Staggers, N. & Parks, P. A. (1993). Collaboration between unlikely disciplines in the creation of a conceptual framework for nurse-computer interactions. In M. E. Frisse, (ed.). Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care, NY: McGraw Hill, 661-665.

  30. ANA Scope & Standards Model (2001) Source: ANA. (2001, proposed). The Scope of Practice of Nursing Informatics and the Standards of Practice and Professional Performance for the Informatics Nurse Specialist

  31. Informatics Competencies • Levels of Competency • Beginning Nurse • Experienced Nurse • Informatics Nurse Specialist • Informatics Innovator • Types • Computer Skills • Informatics Knowledge • Informatics Skills

  32. Informatics Competencies: Three Areas • Computer Literacy • a set of skills that allow individuals to use computer technology to accomplish tasks. • Informatics Knowledge • a set of cognitive processes that allows the individual to recognize what, when, and where information is needed and to locate, evaluate, and use that information appropriately. • Informatics Skills • the technical ability to use tools and techniques to improve information and knowledge access, integration, management and use.

  33. Beginning Nurse:Informatics Competencies • Has basic computer skills • Uses applications • Uses sources of data • Uses technology for care delivery, communication, and decision support • Respects and protects patients’ rights to privacy and confidentiality of information

  34. Experienced Nurse:Informatics Competencies • Understands the value of data and information • Uses technology to trend and aggregate individual and population-based patient information for decision support and communication • Evaluates quality of information sources • Advocates for technology solutions that improve care delivery

  35. Informatics Nurse Specialist: Informatics Competencies • Uses advanced systems and tools to manage, evaluate, integrate, and communicate data, information and knowledge • Assesses current capabilities and limitations of technology and their impact on users and organizations • Manages IT projects across the systems life cycle • Actively seeks to improve the information and knowledge available for clinical decision-making

  36. Informatics Innovator: Informatics Competencies • Conducts research related to nursing informatics • Influences top-level decisions and policy design which impact clinical information management • Builds theoretical models of NI • Evaluates system level informatics initiatives

  37. Roles of the Informatics Nurse Specialist • Project Management • Consultation • Education • Research • System Development • Decision Support/Outcomes Management • Policy Development • Entrepreneur

  38. Information Needs and Tools for Practice • Sound Clinical Decision Making • Evidence Based Practice • Standardized Vocabularies • Clinical Information Systems

  39. Electronic Patient Records: Development Constraints • Need for standards in clinical terminology • Concerns about data privacy, confidentiality and security • Data entry challenges • Integration of records and other information resources

  40. Research PrioritiesBrennan, Zielstorff, Ozbolt, & Strombom, 1998) • Standardized language/vocabularies • Technology development to support practice/ patient care • Data base issues • Patient use of information technologies • Using telecommunications technology for nursing practice • Putting technology into practice • Systems evaluation issues • Information needs of nurses and other clinicians • Nursing intervention innovations for professional practice • Professional practice issues

  41. Assumptions to be Challenged • Organization of electronic systems • Desktop metaphor • EMR • Chronological structure • Set of processes to be supported by technology

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