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The axiology of welfare in the EU (Preliminary findings)

The axiology of welfare in the EU (Preliminary findings). Prof. Luis Moreno and Dr. Inés Calzada Institute of Public Goods and Policies Spanish National Research Council (IPP-CSIC) 60th Political Studies Association Annual Conference Panel ‘New Directions in Public Attitudes Research’

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The axiology of welfare in the EU (Preliminary findings)

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  1. The axiology of welfare in the EU(Preliminary findings) Prof. Luis Moreno and Dr. Inés Calzada Institute of Public Goods and Policies Spanish National Research Council (IPP-CSIC) 60th Political Studies Association Annual Conference Panel ‘New Directions in Public Attitudes Research’ Edinburgh, 1st April, 2010

  2. Welfare Attitudes in a Changing Europe(WAE) HumVIB Cross-national and Multi-level Analysis of Human Values, Institutions and Behaviour

  3. Aims • A comprehensive research programme on citizens’ attitudes towards welfare policies across European countries. • Focus on the interactions between individual welfare attitudes and behaviour, institutional contexts and structural variables. • Input to the interdisciplinary field of comparative studies of welfare state attitudes. • Critical insights for the public legitimacy of welfare state reform.

  4. WELFARE AXIOLOGICAL CONTINUUM

  5. Data bases • ESS2008 (fielded Sep 2008-Jan 2009)(Data from 21 countries (including Israel and Russia). • Extension of ESS2008 to the US (fielded 2009) – including comparative framing. • ISSP 1990, 1996, 2006. • National surveys on welfare attitudes. • European Data Centre for Work and Welfare (EDAC) – macrodata.

  6. Research questions • Do Europeans share the same social values? • Can we group European countries according to the social values expressed in people’s attitudes towards welfare? • Do values co-relate to the welfare regimes (Anglo-Saxon liberal, Continental corporatist, Mediterranean familialistic and Nordic social-democratic)? • Does a similar WS axiology cut evenly across European countries?

  7. Classification of social values • Partly based on Schwartz’s but focussed on values related to welfare. • Factor analyses detect the following social values: • Factor structure applied to European countries as a whole and also for each individual country.

  8. 70% of variance explained

  9. Distribution of social values • Main division: North + West / East + South. • North + West: quite homogeneous with two groups: Northern (plus UK and NL)/ Continental (plus Estonia and Slovakia). • South +East: rather heterogeneous with an Iberian sub-group (Spain and Portugal).

  10. Values characterizing clusters • North (+ B. Isles): more benevolent (mutual trust) and medium-high levels of cultural universalism. Less religious and traditional than the rest. • West (Continental): average position in most social values (Views on Elderly, Economic universalism, Cultural universalism, Benevolence). Medium-low position regarding Tradition and Conformity. • East: more traditional and less benevolent than the rest. Medium-high position regarding Economic universalism and Religion. • South: highest levels of Economic universalism and Achievement, as well as views on the young and the elderly. Medium-low Benevolence, medium-high religion.

  11. Very low Low Average High Very high Benevolence

  12. Very low Low Average High Very high Tradition

  13. Very low Low Average High Very high Economic Universalism

  14. Very low Low Average High Very high Achievement

  15. Social values and welfarism • Multilevel analyses with random slopes for social values: the effect of social values on support for the WS differs across countries. • Values that are associated with the WS only in some areas: • North (- B. Isles): + with Benevolence and Cultural Universalism; – with Tradition and Achievement (household state); • West (Continental): + with Cultural universalism; - with Achievement and slightly negative with Tradition (contributory state); • East: + with Tax Progressivity, + Conformity and security; + Tradition (conventional Robin Hood state); • South: + with Tax Progressivity, + Conformity and security; + Achievement and – with Tradition (modernist Robin Hood state).

  16. European social model Basic common axiological ground: (Values that are related with welfarism in the same direction in the 21 countries: economic universalism (+), Images of Elderly (+) The WS is legitimized to reduce economic inequalities and to provide care for the Elderly.

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