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Ecology: Communities

Ecology: Communities. Most Complex. Least Complex. Organizational Hierarchy of Life. biosphere. ecosystem. community. population. organism. organ system. organ. Living. tissue. cell. organelle. macromolecule. Non-living. molecule. atom. sub-atomic particles.

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Ecology: Communities

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  1. Ecology: Communities

  2. Most Complex LeastComplex Organizational Hierarchy of Life biosphere ecosystem community population organism organ system organ Living tissue cell organelle macromolecule Non-living molecule atom sub-atomic particles

  3. Interactions in Communities -Competition -Predation -Symbiosis

  4. Competition Relates to Niche Overlap Degree of competition is proportional to the overlap in ecological niches of competing species Ecological niche = total way of life of all members of a species --Habitat --Physiological needs such as temperature, moisture, nutrients --Behavior --Interactions with other species

  5. Outcomes of CompetitionCompetitive Exclusion = One species eliminates the other Grown inSeparateFlasks Grown inthe SameFlask

  6. Outcomes of Competition Resource Partitioning: Use of small differences in environment to fulfill needs

  7. Outcomes of CompetitionCharacter Displacement: Through natural selection, two species diverge in characteristics that overlap

  8. Theoretical vs. Actual Niche

  9. Barnacle C, Actual niche Barnacle C, theoretical niche Barnacle B, theoretical and actual niche Competition Between Two Species of Barnacles for Region Near the Ocean Surface

  10. Effects of PredationPredation = eating of live organisms • Eliminates old and weak individuals • Regulates numbers of both predators and prey • Coevolution of predator and prey • Regulates diversity of populations in community The sea star Pisasteris a keystone species in aquatic communities in the Pacific Northwest.

  11. Population Cycles in Predators and Prey

  12. Camouflage hides prey Coevolution of Predator and Prey

  13. SymbiosisClose Interaction Between Species

  14. Symbiosis

  15. Symbiosis

  16. Will the Monarch Butterfly be affected by the development of herbicide resistant crops?

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