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Vietnam (1965-1973)

Vietnam (1965-1973) a. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – gave President Lyndon Banes Johnson(is president after JFK is assassinated) broad military powers in Vietnam b. antiwar protests i . hawks – Americans for the war ii. doves – Americans wanting to pull the troops out of Vietnam

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Vietnam (1965-1973)

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  1. Vietnam (1965-1973) a. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – gave President Lyndon Banes Johnson(is president after JFK is assassinated) broad military powers in Vietnam b. antiwar protests i. hawks – Americans for the war ii. doves – Americans wanting to pull the troops out of Vietnam c. Great Society – LBJ’s domestic policy to improve the U.S.- cut short because of money spent on war in Vietnam d. Vietnamization – Nixon’s plan to gradually withdraw U.S. troops from Vietnam

  2. Social Issues a. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)-- Supreme Court required courts to provide free legal counsel (lawyer) to those who could not afford it b. American Indian Movement (AIM) – sought equality for Native Americans • i. Wounded Knee – confrontation between AIM and the FBI in South Dakota c. United Farm Workers – worked for higher pay and better conditions for migrant workers • i. led by Cesar Chavez d.Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) –proposed amendment that would prohibit government discrimination on the basis of sex (was never ratified)

  3. e. Roe v. Wade -- legalized abortion • f. affirmative action – policy of hiring minorities and women to offset past discrimination • i. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke-- Bakke, a white male, was denied admission to medical school even though he was highly Qualified -- he claimed “reverse discrimination”, sued and the Supreme Court backed his entrance into med school

  4. Politics a. Watergate – break in of the Democratic National Headquarters • i. ordered by the Committee to Reelect the President • ii. cover up by Nixon led to his resignation • iii. Uncovered by 2 reporters from Washington Post Woodward and Bernstein

  5. DOMESTIC ISSUES – POST WWII 1. GI Bill of Rights – provided financial and educational benefits for WWII vets; helped ease them back into civilian life 2. baby boom – the sharp increase in the birthrate following WWII 3. Interstate Highway Act –(Eisenhower) passed to build a network of interstate highways a. led to the growth of suburbs b. built to be able to mobilize quickly in case of attack

  6. Civil Rights Movement a. Jackie Robinson – broke the color barrier in baseball in the 1940’s advocated social activism b. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) -- schools must be desegregated (integration of schools) • i. “separate but equal” (Plessy v. Ferguson) was unconstitutional c. Martin Luther King, Jr. (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) • i. used nonviolent methods to seek equality • ii. sit ins, marches, freedom rides were used

  7. d. March on Washington (1963) – King delivered his “I have a Dream” speech e.Black Power • i. Stokely Carmichael -- he was a member of SNNC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) who broke from the nonviolent mode and supported Black Power – develop African- American pride • ii. Nation of Islam – Black Muslims -- Malcolm X -- advocated black separatism at first • iii. Black Panthers – militant black political organization formed to fight police brutality and provide services in the ghetto

  8. MODERN U.S. – GLOBAL LEADERSHIP AND DOMESTIC ISSUES 1. Use of military to achieve foreign policy a. Reagan -- -- he built up the military – the USSR tried to keep up which led to shortages and their eventual collapse-- he sent aid to anti-communists (Contras) who were fighting the communists (Sandinistas) in Nicaragua b. George H.W. Bush –-- Operation Desert Storm (1991)-- U.S. troops invaded Iraq to liberate Kuwait after Saddam Hussein attacked c. Clinton – -- sent airpower and troops to stop the “ethnic cleansing” of Muslims and Croats by the Bosnian Serbs -- kept Hussein in check in Iraq by using cruise missiles when necessary

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