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Exploring the Earth and Space: From Round Earth to Gravity and Orbits

Discover the round shape of the Earth, understand scaling and scientific notation, learn about gravity and orbits, and delve into the wonders of our solar system in this engaging opener. Ideal for exploring concepts of physics and astronomy.

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Exploring the Earth and Space: From Round Earth to Gravity and Orbits

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  1. Opener 1/7 • Name 2 ways we know the earth is round. (no trolls please) • What does it mean if something is “to scale”? • If the moon is 384,400 km away from the earth, how many physics books could you stack to the moon? (assume the tower never falls) • If you have a 1 in 14 million Chance of winning the lottery, what is the percent chance you have of winning (in scientific notation)? • 5x10^3 * 8x10^7 = (Show work)

  2. Opener 1/8 Put the following in scientific notation or decimal form. 1) 105 0.001 2) 2.5 x 104 3.2 x 10-8 3) (5 x 109) x (4 x 10-2) 4) (8 x 1015) / (4 x 105)

  3. Scaling Activity Draw the planets to scale Scale: 1 m = 695500 km To convert from m to cm: 1 m = 100 cm

  4. Opener 1/9 • How did you feel as we walked to mars. Did the activity help you understand the distances in space? • (8x1020 ) x (3x1015 ) = • (15x1031 ) / (3x105 ) = • In a drawing of the school the artist used a scale that 10 m = 3 cm. How long will he draw the auditorium if it is actually 140 m long? 5) What does “Inverse” mean?

  5. Planet walk reflection • How did you feel as we walked to mars. Did the activity help you understand the distances in space? • In earth days, how long is one day on Venus? • What is happening to the earth’s rotation? • Which is the hottest planet?

  6. Opener 1/10 • (9x1030)/(3x1012) = • (8x106)2 = • A scale building is 40 cm tall. The architect used a 4 cm = 10m scale. How tall is the building? • What is the formula for Force of Gravity? List what the variables mean and the units. • How could you increase your force of gravity?

  7. Opener 1/11 1) (9x1030)/(3x1012)2 = 2) (70)(3x1010) /(8x106)2 = 3) If Gravity pulls everything towards the object, why does the moon not fall to earth? 4) What is space? Does it have a shape? Explain with minimum 2 sentences.

  8. Opener 1/14 • Draw the force diagram for the Earth and the Sun in the diagram below. • What would happen to the gravitational force between two planets if the distance was halved? • You have a mass of 65 kg and your crush has a mass of 60kg. If you stand 1.5 m away from them, how attractive are you? • Why is gravity important for orbits?

  9. Opener 1/15 • In order to move in a circle which way must the force ALWAYS be pointing. • A car moves a string in a circular path. How does the Force compare if the string is short vs long? • What happens if a comet approaches a sun too fast? Too slow? Just right? • The force between two people that are 70 and 65 kg each is 1.2 x 10^-7N. How far away are they?

  10. Opener 1/17 • What does Aphelion and Perihelion mean? Draw a picture and label. • What does Focus mean (in terms of orbits)? • Is there gravity in space? What evidence do you have from the simulation? • What is the distance between the Moon and the Earth if, the mass of the earth is 5.972x10^24 kg, the mass of the moon is 7.347x10^22 kg, and the force between the two is 1.3 x10 ^15 N?

  11. Opener 1/22 • How do get better at doing tasks? Why? • What are 2 things you learned from the simulation? • What are Kepler’s 3 Laws? • Draw a planet orbiting a star. Label where the planet is moving the fastest and the slowest. Explain in terms of Energy.

  12. Opener 1/23 • Label what each variable means in the Fg equation. INCLUDE UNITS • Planet Schmitt has a mass of (8.56x10^15) kg. If Planet Schmitt has a moon (Oliver) with a mass of (5.34x10^10) kg and a distance of 1.2 x 10^5 m. What is the force of gravity that Schmitt has on Oliver? 3) The force of gravity between two people is 8N. What is the new force of gravity if the distance is cut in half? Why? 4) Draw an orbit and label as many parts as you can.

  13. Opener 1/24 • How did scientists predict the lunar eclipse on Sunday night? What is a lunar eclipse? • How do we know somethings weight on Earth without a scale? Name two ways. • How should we measure distance when talking about planets? (a meter and km are too small) • How should we measure time when talking about planets? (seconds are too small)

  14. Opener 1/25 1) Sketch the graph from the homework. Label any important parts you remember from math. Solve for missing variable 2) T^2 = 10.23 3) R^3 = 60.12

  15. Opener 1/29 • What is the difference between the “Fg” equation and the “g” equation? • What does “g” stand for? • Calculate the acceleration due to gravity on Saturn who’s mass is 5.683x10^26 kg and radius is 58.232x10^6 m. • A new solar system has been found. It takes Planet Dolson 1.6 earth years to orbit it’s sun and is 9.6 AU away from the star. How far is Planet Dolsonette if it takes Dolsonette takes 45 earth years to orbit?

  16. Opener 2/4 • How was break? • TEST IS WEDNESDAY. • TEST IS WEDNESDAY. • On a scale from 0-5 how confident are you if the test was tomorrow?

  17. Opener 2/5 • When would you use the Fg equation? • When would you use the g equation? • When would you use the T2/R3 equation? What is special about that ratio? • What else should someone know going into the test?

  18. Opener 2/6 • Two moons each have a mass of 6.5x10^20 kg. They are separated by 5.3x10^6 m. What is the force of gravity between them? • Karl put a restraining order on Henry. The restraining order states that the force of gravity between the two cannot exceed 3.37x10^-10N. If Karl is 65kg and Henry is 70kg, what is the minimum distance Henry can get? How could Henry get closer without breaking the restraining order? • It takes Planet Bengal 4 years to orbit and is 3.5 AU from the star. Planet Bengal see’s another Planet Green only take 2 years to orbit. How far away is planet green from the star?

  19. Opener 2/7 • How much time per week do you spend doing chores? (dishes, laundry, vacuum, taking out the trash? What are you responsible for? • How much time per week do you spend on school work (outside of school)? What is your favorite subject (of all time)? Least favorite? • How much time per week do you spend on your phone? What do you spend your primary time doing on it? • When do you try your best? Why do you do your best during that activity? • What is your favorite add or commercial? Give brief explanation.

  20. Opener 2/15 1) What is all matter made of? List the components (Think chemistry) 2) List all the type of forces you can think of. 3) What is a force? 4) What is the point of electricity?

  21. Opener 2/19 • What is electricity? • How do we make electricity? • How much electricity could stun you? Kill you? • When is it dangerous to be around electricity? Why? • Name 3 things electricity is used for.

  22. Opener 2/20 • What is electricity? • Name two things that effect the force of gravity between two objects. • Calculate the Force of gravity between a person who is 70kg and a dog that is 35kg, separated by 4m. • Name 1 way to charge an object.

  23. Opener 2/21 • Label all parts of the Electric Force equation (Coulombs law). • If an object is missing 200 electrons, what charge is the object? • What is a Coulomb? What does is measure? • A charge of 2 X 10^-8 C and another charge of -5x10^-8 C are separated by 4m. What is the electrical force between them? Is it attractive or repulsive? How do you know?

  24. Opener 2/25 • List what the variables stand for and what the units are in the F and E equations. • A charge of -2 x 10^-8 C pulls on another charge 3m away with a force of 2N. What is the charge of the other object? • What is the field strength of a -2 x 10^-8 C object 3m away? • Draw the field lines of two like (in charge), but unequal (amount of charge) charges.

  25. Opener 3/4 • What are things you should know for the test tomorrow? • List what each variable means and the units that measure it. • Draw two magnets and their magnetic fields with their north ends next to each other. 4) How could you quadruple the force between two charges?

  26. Opener 3/5 • What is a conductor? What does it allow electrons to do? • What questions do you have? • How confident are you on a scale from 1-5 for the test tomorrow? Why? (1 is low, 5 is high) • What can you do to increase your score from (3)? What can I do to help?

  27. Opener 3/7 • A planet that is 6.6 x 10 ^24 kg pulls on a person with a force of 500N. The person is 7.5 x 10^6 m away from the planets center, what is the person’s mass? • A ball has a charge of 6.6x10^-5 C and pushes another charge with a force of 500N from 277.8m away. What is the value of the other charge? • List everything you remember from the gravity unit.

  28. Openers 3/13 • What is Voltage? • Draw a circuit with one battery, one switch, and one light bulb. • Draw a circuit that would light 2 light bulbs where the switch works both. • Draw a circuit that would light 2 light bulbs where the switch works only one light.

  29. Opener 3/14 Happy PI Day! • What does Pi mean? • What is voltage, current, and resistance? Predict what the Voltage for each resistor in the circuit. Each resistor has the same resistance.

  30. Opener 3/15 • Draw a parallel circuit with 3 lights. • Draw a series circuit with 3 lights. • The battery supplies 9V in number (1) and (2) above, label the voltage across each resistor. • A lamp is 20 ohms and gets a current of 5A. What is the Voltage given to the lamp?

  31. Opener 3/18 • What is Voltage, current, and resistance? • Draw a circuit with 2 lights and 2 switches. The switches should each control one light. • The battery from circuit (2) supplies 5V and each resistor is 10 ohms. Solve for all the missing voltages, currents, and resistances.

  32. Opener 4/10 • What is AC and DC? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? • What is a series and parallel circuit? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? • Draw a circuit where 2 switches will work one light.

  33. Opener 4/23 • Draw a wave and label all parts. • What happens when two pulses that are the same direction pass each other? • What happens when two pulses that are opposite in direction pass each other? • How do frequency, amplitude, wavelength, and wave speed effect each other?

  34. Opener 4/24 • Which position time graph shows the fastest object? Which one is standing still? How do you know? • Which graph shows there is no relationship between the variables? How do you know?

  35. Opener 4/26 • What is the frequency and period of a wave? Draw a high frequency wave compared to a low frequency wave. • Sound is a wave. What word do we use to describe the Amplitude of a sound wave? What part of the wave is the pitch you hear? • What variables affected wave speed? • The graph (right) was made in a lab similar to what you did. Explain the procedure the group did to get these results and what were their findings? Speed (m/s) Age (years)

  36. Opener 4/29 • What are the parts of a wave. Give their definition. • How do you “double-bounce” someone on a trampoline? • How do swings work? (Give detail as if explaining to an alien) 4) What effects wave speed? 5) Is fire a solid, liquid, or gas?

  37. Opener 4/30 v=λf f =1/T T = 1/f Write your name at the top and turn in old openers • The frequency of a sound wave is 20 Hz. The speed of sound is 330 m/s. what is the wavelength? • You hear someone whispering in a low voice and then suddenly shriek in a high pitch. Sketch what their sound wave would look like. • A Slinkey bounces up and down 6 times in 2 seconds. What type of wave is this? What is the frequency and the period of the wave? • A light wave has a speed of 3x10^8 m/s. What is the frequency of a 200m wave?

  38. Opener 5/1 • How many waves are shown above? • What is the wavelength and amplitude of the wave above? • Name the two types of mechanical waves. • What does superposition mean? Draw two examples.

  39. Opener 5/2 • Draw a transverse wave and label all the parts. • Draw a longitudinal wave and label all the parts. • A ball is thrown against a wall at a 35 degree angle from the normal line. What is the angle is bounces off at? Draw this situation. • A wave with a 1 cm amplitude and a wave with a 2 cm amplitude are combined. Draw at least two results of this combination labeling the amplitude of the combined wave.

  40. Opener 5/3 v=λf f =1/T T = 1/f • A sound wave has a period of 0.2 s. What is the wavelength if the speed of sound is 330 m/s? • A wave that is traveling 12 m/s is 3m long. What is the frequency and period. (INCLUDE UNITS) • Explain the difference between Reflection and Refraction. • What is an index of refraction? What does a higher index mean?

  41. Opener 5/6 • Rank each line from fastest to slowest. • Which medium has a higher index of refraction? 3) Light goes from diamond (n =2.42) to air (n =1) to water (n = 1.33). Draw a diagram showing how the light bends.

  42. Opener 5/7 • List 3 things someone should know to do well on the test TOMORROW. • What are 3 things you can use to study for the test TOMORROW? • What will be on the test TOMORROW?

  43. Opener 5/28 - FINALS Without using notes or google, answer the following questions. • What do you remember about gravity? • What is the formula to calculate gravity? • What has gravity? • How do things orbit? • What are specific things to note about orbits?

  44. 5/30 - Finals • What is a coulomb? How does an object get a coulomb? • Draw an electric field for a positive charge, then draw a negative charge that is twice as strong. • Draw the magnetic field of a bar magnet. • Two identical charges are 1.3m apart and repel with a force of 5N. What is the value of each charge?

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