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Use Cases for Persistent Identifiers

Explore the importance of persistent identifiers and their benefits in various communities, including publishers, archives, libraries, and repositories. Learn how identifiers can be utilized to create, deposit, and manage metadata for learning objects.

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Use Cases for Persistent Identifiers

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  1. Use Cases for Persistent Identifiers Charles Duncan Intrallect Ltd C.Duncan@intrallect.com

  2. Confession • I don’t know much about identifiers • I do know what I could do with them • Two communities • Those who want to define the functional specifications of persistent identifiers and their resolvers • Those who don’t care about that, but want to do things that are only possible if identifiers work in the background

  3. Persistent Identifiers • Why? • Benefits • To the owner • To others • How? • Technologies • Processes

  4. Imagine… • You have just been asked to create a new medical course (Brain Surgery 101) • A colleague in another university passes you the identifier of a reading list she has used • You locate the list and find a useful learning object • You use a web service to find the most current version of the learning object • You use another web service to search for every course in which that learning object is used • You use another web service to locate secondary metadata (reviews, comments, annotations, usage statistics) for the object and the courses • You use another web service to differentiate the right (terms and conditions of use) of the courses and all their components • You build a course based on high-quality, well-used, elements of different courses which are free and whose use is not time-limited, adding your own material • You make your own course available

  5. Previous work • ERPANet: Persistent identifiers • Electronic Resource Preservation and Access Network • Cork, 17-18th June 2004 • Surveyed identifiers and their users • CETIS: Learning object identifiers • Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards • London, 21 Oct 2003 • Surveyed uses for identifiers

  6. Publishers Archives Libraries Repositories Mechanisms Persistence Resolvability Tools E-learning Self-publishing Repositories Federations of repositories Uses Format Actionability Persistence ERPANet CETIS

  7. Identifiers needed for • Digital material • E-publications • Learning objects • Media object • Data • Metadata • Non-digital material • Books • Journals • People • Organisations • Locations • Events

  8. Stakeholders • Libraries • Publishers • Archives • Repositories • Object creators • Object users

  9. Just do it • A system needs identifiers, choose one, and make it work • A community needs identifiers • Many independent decisions-makers • Many proprietary and non-proprietary systems • Some degree of local autonomy needed • How are decisions reached • How are processes standardised • Lessons from ISBN?

  10. CETIS Metadata SIG list • “Do I need identifiers for both objects and metadata in my repository” • “It depends on what you want to use them for” • “You shouldn’t need to worry too much, appropriate identifiers should be generated automatically by your repository”

  11. Focus on learning objects • Is a learning object complicated? • Granularity • Versions • Relating metadata to entities • Relating entities to entities • Dynamic entities • Complications similar to scientific data

  12. Create and Deposit Metadata Entity-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-67890 Metadata-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-meta-1234 REPOSITORY Z Metadata rdn.ac.uk

  13. New version Metadata Entity-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-62847 Metadata-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-meta-1367 Relation-identifier isVersionOf rdn.ac.uk/z-67890 REPOSITORY Z Metadata Metadata Metadata Entity-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-67890 Metadata-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-meta-1234 Relation-identifier hasVersion rdn.ac.uk/z-62847 rdn.ac.uk

  14. Duplicate in another repository Metadata REPOSITORY Z rdn.ac.uk REPOSITORY X Metadata Metadata Entity-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-67890 Metadata-identifier bath.ac.uk/z-meta-set23 bath.ac.uk

  15. New entry in metadata catalogue Metadata REPOSITORY Z Metadata Entity-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-67890 Metadata-identifier ltsn.ac.uk/217461 rdn.ac.uk CATALOGUE A Metadata ltsn.ac.uk

  16. Aggregate and store Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Entity-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-67890 Metadata-identifier gla.ac.uk/ce.311.m Relation-identifier ispartof gla.ac.uk/ab.123.x REPOSITORY Z Metadata Metadata Entity-identifier gla.ac.uk/ab.123.x Metadata-identifier gla.ac.uk/cf.657.m Relation-identifier haspart rdn.ac.uk/z-67890 rdn.ac.uk REPOSITORY V Metadata gla.ac.uk

  17. Move aggregation - disaggregate Metadata REPOSITORY Z Metadata Metadata Entity-identifier gla.ac.uk/ab.123.x Metadata-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-meta-3999 Relation-identifier haspart rdn.ac.uk/z-67890 Metadata REPOSITORY V rdn.ac.uk gla.ac.uk

  18. Multiple metadata for one LO Metadata REPOSITORY Z Metadata Entity-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-67890 Metadata-identifier ltsn.ac.uk/890 rdn.ac.uk Metadata Entity-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-67890 Metadata-identifier ltsn.ac.uk/891 CATALOGUE A Metadata Metadata ltsn.ac.uk Grant Cocks, Simulacra

  19. Multiple resolutions in one LO Metadata Entity-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-67890 Metadata-identifier rdn.ac.uk/z-meta-1234 location resolution-low.avi resolution-medium.avi resolution-high.avi REPOSITORY Z Metadata rdn.ac.uk Gayle Calverley, U of Manchester

  20. Metadata harvesting Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata The HUB Metadata Metadata Metadata Some duplicate objects but not duplicate metadata records – different descriptions Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata OAI-PMH Metadata ltsn.ac.uk REPOSITORY Z REPOSITORY Z REPOSITORY X ed.ac.uk rdn.ac.uk bath.ac.uk Phil Barker, CETIS

  21. Multilingual, multibrand, multiversion Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Preferences Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Searches based on: Object identifier Brand style Langauge (LIP) Metadata Brand Style Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata Metadata REPOSITORY X REPOSITORY Z REPOSITORY Z c.com b.com a.com Dan Rehak, Carnegie-Mellon

  22. ISBN ISSN PURL URN OpenURL Issues • Don’t define the solution until you have defined the problem • Defining processes for using identifiers is as/more important than choosing identifiers • Many, diverse “publishers” • Cost/effort at point of issue • What needs an identifier (ephemeral – permanent)? • Properties of identifiers (Uniqueness, Persistence, Action) • Automatically generated when needed • Services built on use of identifiers • Does it matter which identifier? Handle URI DOI POI ARK

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