1 / 12

R e t r o s p e c t i v e><e v i t c e p s o r t e R

R e t r o s p e c t i v e><e v i t c e p s o r t e R. Retrospective. December 9 2004 Epidemiology 511 W. A. Kukull. Distribution and determinants of disease in populations. Disease occurrence in populations Measures of occurrence Measures of association Research designs Descriptive

jpina
Download Presentation

R e t r o s p e c t i v e><e v i t c e p s o r t e R

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Retrospective><evitcepsorteR Retrospective December 9 2004 Epidemiology 511 W. A. Kukull

  2. Distribution and determinants of disease in populations • Disease occurrence in populations • Measures of occurrence • Measures of association • Research designs • Descriptive • Analytic, observational • Experimental

  3. Association or causal association • Statistical tests and calculations • The role of ‘chance’ • Bias • Unintended mistakes affect conclusions • Confounding • Did other risk factors influence our observed association? • Effect Modification/Interaction

  4. Screening for disease • Sensitivity/specificity • Predictive values +/- • Effect of disease prevalence on PV • Choosing “test” cutoff; ROC curve • Using sequential tests to reduce FP

  5. Biomarkers for exposure and disease • Biologic markers can be used to characterize exposure status and/or recognize disease process • Helps to • stratify populations by susceptibility • elaborate exposure measurement • establish biologic plausibility, and process • gain statistical power • improve dose-response estimation

  6. Cohort studies • Retrospective or concurrrent • Initial Non-response • Disease incidence • Loss to f/u and censoring • Exposure measurement • Forming exposure groups • Limitations

  7. Case-Control studies • Choosing cases • Incident or prevalent • Clinic or population based • Choosing controls • The “study base” and representativeness • Exposure measurement • misclassification • Analytic tools • Adjusting for confounders: M-H; multivariate • Limitations

  8. Randomized trials • Subject selection and randomization • Treatments/Exposures • Masking/Blinding • Experimental designs: compliance • Stopping rules • Ethics: assigning to “high risk” group • Intent to treat analysis?

  9. Genes: Contents and results Genotype Gene (DNA) Gene Product Functional and/or Structural Effects Symptoms and signs Phenotype

  10. Six patterns of gene-environment interaction (after Khoury)

  11. The 2 x 4 table(after Khoury, Epidemiol Rev, 19, 1997)

  12. Summation • Definitions • Research Designs and calculations • Causation and data interpretation • Reasoning about results • You Win! Free pass to consult with me about any of your future Epi studies • Thanks for listening and participating

More Related