Focus for Drafts 1 and 2

1. Importance of planning 4 Focus for Drafts 1 and 2 W1  Attention-grabbing tactics 3 Get the right structure • Exciting content, exploring different angles • Use of examples (link and comparison to Hitler) creates a bigger sense of horror • Appropriate Argue/Persuade structure • Introduction grabs the attention of the reader, ideally linked in the conclusion • Effective rhetorical devices used throughout • References evidence and facts to show the Olympics’ true purpose (rules) • Using symbolism (“5 rings”) and imagery (“stain”) • Repetition (of words or ideas) to emphasise ideas • Questions engage the reader • Contrast for effect • Emotive language (“teenagers” not adults)  2  AFOREST & SIASAMOP 1

2. Learning Objective4. The Importance of Planning WHY SHOULD I? The general rule is that if you don’t plan, you won’t get a very good mark. It is planning, not writing, that is the hardest part of the writing process. A plan allows you to explore and get as many ideas down on paper as you can, ordering them and editing them as you see fit, with no risk of forgetting good ideas. Understand how to plan effectively and why doing so is helpful Consider model of planning and then begin to start your draft plan yourself.

3. Basic Sequence of Planning • A big piece of paper • A clear title • Spider-diagram: gather ideas • Link Ideas into Clearer GroupsWhich go together? Which are the same point? Anything worth cutting? Simplify! • Order Groups into a Logical SequenceIntro > order of main points... Number them! • Re-organise Plan...Make it sharper and easier to see • Develop Ideas Keep adding detail: integrate rhetorical/figurative devices • Write

4. Gather Ideas Why is Public Speaking Important?

5. Gather Ideas Public speaking is the spark that turns ideas into action Builds awareness of the world – increases interest in ALL issues – you become a better citizen Wins people over – positive impact in lives – marker of leadership Why is Public Speaking Important? Get people to follow you, believe you – impact on future and professional life (jobs, marriage proposals, etc) Develops historically-rich skill of rhetoric – and enables you to see through the rhetoric of others Importance of core skills for future – research, written organisation, sequencing – impact on studies Build self-confidence – comfort in speaking to more people – you become an expert Greater self-awareness – improves communication and performance skills

6. Link Ideas into Clearer GroupsWhich go together? Which are the same point? Anything worth cutting? Simplify! Public speaking is the spark that turns ideas into action Builds awareness of the world – increases interest in ALL issues – you become a better citizen Wins people over – positive impact in lives – marker of leadership Real-World Impact Why is Public Speaking Important? Get people to follow you, believe you – impact on future and professional life (jobs, marriage proposals, etc) Develops historically-rich skill of rhetoric – and enables you to see through the rhetoric of others Writing Skills Importance of core skills for future – research, written organisation, sequencing – impact on studies Build self-confidence – comfort in speaking to more people – you become an expert Greater self-awareness – improves communication and performance skills Performance Skills

7. Order Groups into a Logical SequenceIntro > order of main points... Number them! 4 Public speaking is the spark that turns ideas into action Builds awareness of the world – increases interest in ALL issues – you become a better citizen Wins people over – positive impact in lives – marker of leadership 1 Real-World Impact Why is Public Speaking Important? Get people to follow you, believe you – impact on future and professional life (jobs, marriage proposals, etc) Develops historically-rich skill of rhetoric – and enables you to see through the rhetoric of others Writing Skills Importance of core skills for future – research, written organisation, sequencing – impact on studies Build self-confidence – comfort in speaking to more people – you become an expert 3 Greater self-awareness – improves communication and performance skills 2 Performance Skills

8. Re-organise Plan...Make it sharper and easier to see 4 Public speaking is the spark that turns ideas into action Builds awareness of the world – increases interest in ALL issues – you become a better citizen Wins people over – positive impact in lives – marker of leadership 1 Real-World Impact Why is Public Speaking Important? Get people to follow you, believe you – impact on future and professional life (jobs, marriage proposals, etc) Develops historically-rich skill of rhetoric – and enables you to see through the rhetoric of others Writing Skills Importance of core skills for future – research, written organisation, sequencing – impact on studies Build self-confidence – comfort in speaking to more people – you become an expert 3 Greater self-awareness – improves communication and performance skills 2 Performance Skills

9. Develop IdeasAdd more detail – keep in mind rhetorical devices Public speaking is the spark that turns ideas into action Importance of core skills for future – research, written organisation, sequencing – impact on studies Wins people over – positive impact in lives – marker of leadership Intro Get people to follow you, believe you – impact on future and professional life (jobs, marriage proposals, etc) Real-World Impact Why is Public Speaking Important? Improves Writing Skills Develops historically-rich skill of rhetoric – and enables you to see through the rhetoric of others Builds awareness of the world – increases interest in ALL issues – you become a better citizen Develops Performance Skills Greater self-awareness – improves communication and performance skills Build self-confidence – comfort in speaking to more people – you become an expert

10. Develop IdeasAdd more detail – keep in mind rhetorical devices Words go beyond colour, race, creed. Words are democracy, equality - utterable and listened to by any and all “Speech is power: speech is to persuade, to convert, to compel.” (Ralph Waldo Emerson) We need words to fight and to fight back. Abraham Lincoln – Gettysburg Address Martin Luther King – I have a Dream Adolf Hitler Winston Churchill Public speaking is the moment when an individual crystallises thoughts into action and changes the world’s view of something. Anti-Racism movements and ideas existed but without great effect – takes speakers to catapult into consciousness By planning in this detail, you can ensure that no ideas will be forgotten and the writing will be more straightforward This gives you a strong skeleton to your argument, and allows you to develop using rhetorical and figurative devices in writing

11. Skeleton Frame (HO) • Foundational Sentences for Intro (3) • Topic Sentence for Paragraph 1 (persuade) OR Topic Sentence + Turning Point in Paragraph 1 (argue) • Topic Sentence (+TP) for Paragraph 2 (pers/arg) • Topic Sentence (+TP) for Paragraph 3 (pers/arg)

12. Basic Sequence of Planning • A big piece of paper • A defined title • Spider-diagram > tidy • Keep adding detail • Add rhetorical/figurative devices • Edit and Prioritise • Order • Write

13. The necessity of public speaking: why bother? • Public speaking is the spark that turns ideas into action. Lincoln’s Gettysburg address, Martin Luther King’s I have a Dream, Hitler and Churchill – the necessity of not just speaking, but speaking back • Impact on future: Public speaking is so important that it could be the deciding factor in many things such as your career development, your business growth and even in the relationships you have with your friends and family. Get people to follow you, believe you. Communicating messages clearly and simply wins people to your way of thinking. • Influence people’s thoughts; create positive change in people’s lives. • Core skill of written organisation • Develops the historically rich skill of rhetoric • Develops an understanding of performance and self • Increases self-confidence and self-belief, in front of others but with people in general • Latent skills – understand others, speaking and listening, diplomacy and streadfastness of people’s beliefs