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Here Comes Modern Art…. Materialism Realism Manet (Father of Impressionism) Impressionism Pointillism Post-Impressionism. Modernism Fauvism German Expressionism DaDa Abstract Art - Cubism - Nonobjective Art - Surrealism. Realism. Materialism.
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Here Comes Modern Art… Materialism • Realism • Manet (Father of Impressionism) • Impressionism • Pointillism • Post-Impressionism • Modernism • Fauvism • German Expressionism • DaDa • Abstract Art - Cubism - Nonobjective Art - Surrealism
Realism Materialism
Realism (1830ish to 1880ish): In general, realists render everyday characters, situations, dilemmas, and objects, all in a "true-to-life" manner. Realists tend to discard theatrical drama, lofty subjects and classical forms of art in favor of commonplace themes.
ĒdouardManet—Father of Impressionism & controversy maker • One of the first 19th-century artists to approach modern-life subjects, he was a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism. • His early masterworks, The Luncheon on the Grass (Le déjeunersurl'herbe) and Olympia, engendered great controversy and served as rallying points for the young painters who would create Impressionism. Today, these are considered watershed paintings that mark the genesis of modern art.
The Luncheon on the Grass (Le déjeuner sur l'herbe), 1863—Manet It was not unusual to see nudes in paintings; however, nudes were always in reference to mythological characters or scenes long past. This woman is seated unapologetically naked next to clothed men in a modern (for the time), public setting.
The painting was controversial partly because the nude is wearing some small items of clothing such as an orchid in her hair, a bracelet, a ribbon around her neck, and mule slippers, all of which accentuated her nakedness, sexuality, and comfortable courtesan (prostitute) lifestyle. The orchid, upswept hair, black cat, and bouquet of flowers were all recognized symbols of sexuality at the time. This modern Venus' body is thin, counter to prevailing standards; the painting's lack of idealism rankled viewers. The painting's flatness, serves to make the nude more human and less voluptuous. A fully dressed black servant is featured, exploiting the then-current theory that black people were hyper-sexed.[1] That she is wearing the clothing of a servant to a courtesan here, furthers the sexual tension of the piece. • Olympia's body as well as her gaze is unabashedly confrontational. She defiantly looks out as her servant offers flowers from one of her male suitors. Although her hand rests on her leg, hiding her pubic area, the reference to traditional female virtue is ironic; a notion of modesty is notoriously absent in this work.
Impressionism Materialism
Impressionism: 1870-1915 Characteristics of Impressionist paintings include relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes; open composition; emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time); common, ordinary subject matter; the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience; and unusual visual angles.
Radicals in their time, early Impressionists violated the rules of academic painting. They began by constructing their pictures from freely brushed colors that took precedence over lines and contours. They also painted realistic scenes of modern life, and often painted outdoors. The Impressionists found that they could capture the momentary and transient effects of sunlight by painting en plein air. They portrayed overall visual effects instead of details, and used short "broken" brush strokes of mixed and pure unmixed color—not blended smoothly or shaded, as was customary—in order to achieve the effect of intense color vibration.
Rouen Cathedral Monet did numerous painting of the same cathedral at different times of day to show how light affected a subject and changed the “impression”.
Autumn, Banks of the Seine near Bougival, 1873—Alfred Sisley
Pointillism is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of pure color are applied in patterns to form an image. Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism
Post-Impressionism Materialism
Post-Impressionists continued using vivid colors, thick application of paint, distinctive brush strokes, and real-life subject matter, but they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary color.
Van Gogh greatly admired Gauguin, and desperately wanted to be treated as his equal. But Gauguin was arrogant and domineering, a fact that often frustrated Van Gogh. They quarreled fiercely about art; Van Gogh felt an increasing fear that Gauguin was going to desert him, as a situation he described as one of "excessive tension" reached crisis point. On 23 December 1888, frustrated and ill, Van Gogh confronted Gauguin with a razor blade, but in panic, left and fled to a local brothel. Deeply lonely at the time, he often visited the prostitutes at a brothel as his single emotional and sensuous point of contact with other people. While there, he cut off his left ear, though it is often claimed that it was only the lower part of his left earlobe. He wrapped the severed ear in newspaper and handed it to a prostitute named Rachel, asking her to "keep this object carefully." He staggered home, where he was later found by Gauguin lying unconscious with his head covered in blood.
Landscape with viaduct: Montagne Sainte-Victoire - Paul Cezanne
Fauvism Modernism
Fauvism (1900-1910): the classification of work of early twentieth-century Modern artists whose art emphasized painterly qualities or wild brush strokes and strong color over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism. The paintings of the Fauves (the wild beasts) focused on color and a high degree of simplification and abstraction.
