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Chapter 1 Activity 7: How Electrons Determine Chemical Behavior

Chapter 1 Activity 7: How Electrons Determine Chemical Behavior. Bohr Model —shows the electrons in various energy levels How many electrons can fit into each energy level?????? Max # e- = 2n 2 where n= energy level Ex. If n=1 (1st energy level), then 2(1) 2 =

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Chapter 1 Activity 7: How Electrons Determine Chemical Behavior

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  1. Chapter 1Activity 7:How Electrons Determine Chemical Behavior

  2. Bohr Model—shows the electrons in various energy levels • How many electrons can fit into each energy level?????? Max # e- = 2n2 where n= energy level Ex. If n=1 (1st energy level), then 2(1)2= Ex. If n=2 (2nd energy level), then 2(2)2= Ex. If n=3 (3rd energy level), then 2(3)2=

  3. Valence electrons • Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom Valence Electrons

  4. The Group Number tells us the # of valence electrons. Valence Electrons

  5. The Group Number tells us the # of valence electrons. Valence e- stays the same down a group Valence e- increases across a period Valence Electrons

  6. How many valence electrons does • a Fluorine atom have? • a Magnesium atom have? • an element in the noble gas family have? Valence Electrons

  7. On the periodic table: • The COLUMNorGROUPorFAMILY equals the # of valence electrons (for columns 1,2, 13-18) • The ROW or PERIODequals the energy level Things You Need to Now Know

  8. Rutherford focused on describing the nucleus • Bohr focused on describing the location of the electrons • Bohr model (planetary model): -shows electrons moving in orbits (energy levels) around the positive nucleus of the atom. Bohr Models

  9. 1H 1 Hydrogen is in period 1 = 1st energy level Hydrogen is the first box in period 1 = 1 electron Energy level 1 # of Electrons in that Energy level Bohr model for Hydrogen

  10. 3Li 2 1 Lithium is in period 2 = 2nd energy level Lithium is the first box in period 2 = 1 electron Energy level 1 Energy level 2 # of Electrons in 2nd Energy level # of Electrons in 1st Energy level Bohr model for Lithium

  11. Duet Rule: In forming compounds, atoms tend to gain or lose electrons in order to have two electrons in their first energy level. • Octet Rule: In forming compounds, atoms tend to gain or lose electrons in order to have eight electrons in their outer energy level. Using What You Now Know

  12. 9F 2 7 • Atoms will lose or gain electrons to have a filled outer energy level (duet rule or octet rule). • This fluorine atom has only 7 valence electrons • The octet rule isn’t satisfied Stability

  13. A fluorine atom will try and gain an electron (7e- + 1e- = 8e-). • With 8e-s, it is now an ANION (-1) with 8 valence electrons • The anion now obeysthe octet rule. -1 -1 9F 2 8 Stability

  14. 11Na 2 8 1 • This sodium atom has 1 valence electron. • The octet rule isn’t satisfied. Stability

  15. 11Na 2 8 • If the sodium atom loses it’s valence electron, it will now have 8 valence electrons. • The octet rule • is satisfied. +1 Stability

  16. Some atoms want to lose valence electrons more than others -nonmetals want to keep their valence electrons -metals want to lose their valence electrons Why Atoms React

  17. nonmetals want to keep their valence electrons • metals want to lose their valence electrons Why Atoms React

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