Literary Elements & Techniques Slideshow Test Friday (9/28)

Literary Elements & Techniques Slideshow Test Friday (9/28) Group 1

ALLITERATION DEFINITION: WHEN A SENTENCE OF WORDS BEGINS WITH THE SAME CONSONANT SOUNDS WHY AUTHORS USE IT: IT CAN CREATE A RHYTHM IN A BOOK/ WRITTEN WORK EXAMPLE:

Definition: The protagonist is the character that the story is primarily about. This protagonist is usually a likable character Example: Harry Potter is the character that the literary series revolves around. He is also the character most readers become emotionally attached to readers Why authors use this: A story must have a character to revolve the plot around. It is almost impossible to write a story without a character to follow Protagonist

Antagonist Definition: The antagonist is the character that works against the protagonist to cause a conflict. This character is often not a likable character. Examples: Voldemort is the main antagonist in the Harry Potter Literary Series. He consistently created conflict for Harry throughout the series. Why authors use this: It is important for a story to have an antagonist so there is a caused conflict that the protagonist must try to overcome.

Hero: Has all good traits Antihero Use: Comedic Relief So we can relate, because humans are notttt perfect Gru from Despicable Me

By: Nicole Colombi Characterization Characterization is a device that is used in literature to highlight or explain the details of a character. There are 2 types of characterizations known and indirect and direct. Example (Direct): Mrs. Lopera is AMAZINGLY NICE! Example (Indirect): Mrs. Lopera stayed up until 2a.m. helping me with my college essay that is due tomorrow!!!! Direct characterization is when the writer is taking a direct approach towards building the character It uses another character, narrator, or the protagonist himself to tell the readers or audience about the subject. Indirect characterization is a more complex way of introducing the character to the audience. The audience has to find the characteristics of the character by observing the characters thought process, behavior, speech, way of talking, appearance, and manner of communication with other characters.

Setting the time and place where a story/event takes place. Examples: outside, in the woods, in a bedroom, the beach, ect. Uses: Mood, Background, Create Conflict Ashley Crispyn

Definition: Internal Conflict Example: “To be, or not to be – that is the question: Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep…” (Hamlet William Shakespeare) An internal or psychological conflict arises as soon as a character experiences two opposite emotions or desires – usually virtue and vice, or good and evil – inside him Why Authors Use This? Authors use internal conflict in their stories to show the characters conflict that he is feeling within Chris Murale Group 1 (Abby,Mike,Justin,Dan,Jake)

Example: Character vs. Character Character vs. Society Character vs. Nature External Conflict Definition: External conflict is a struggle that takes place between the main character and some outside force. Therefore, it is outside the body of the protagonist. Why Authors use It? Authors use it to create drama between two things and to pull the reader more into the story. Chris Murale (group 1) (Abby,Mike,Justin,Jake,Dan)

Plot Plot: Plot is used to describe the events that make up a story, or the main part of a story. Plot is known as the foundation of a novel or story, around which the characters and settings are built. It is meant to organize information and events in a logical manner. An author uses plot in a story because it separates the event from happening all at once. The plot focuses attention on the important characters and their roles in the story. Example: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution Leena Moussa

Exposition Where the background, characters and setting are introduced to the audience. Example: In a galaxy far, far away in the future, a sweet young martian named Alisa lived a happy life. Use: To introduce readers to the background, characters, and setting.

Inciting Incident The point in the plot where the major conflict is first introduced. Example: In Romeo and Juliet, when Romeo and Juliet first lay eyes on each other. Use: Introduce the reader to the major conflict in the story.

Rising Action Complications and Other Conflicts arise as a result of the original conflict. Example: Romeo and Juliet have to find secret ways to be together. They lie to friends and family. They sneak around. Use: Add interest to the story; get the audience invested in the outcome.

Climax Climax: the climax is that particular point in a narrative at which the conflict or tension hits the highest point; “crisis.” Major Conflict Addressed; Turning Point An author would use climax in a story to make the story interesting. A climax helps readers understand the significance of the previously rising action to the point in the plot where the conflict reaches its peak. Example: An example of climax is when Romeo and Juliet decide to get married. Leena Moussa

Falling Action Events that follow the climax, leading to resolution. Example:People learn of the death of Romeo and Juliet, word gets around Use: Help show what happens after the conflict is resolved.

Resolution How will things be in the future. Example: In Romeo and Juliet, we learn that their parents will finally let go of old grudges. Use:To help develop the theme; send the overall message of the book.

Here are some examples of different points of views: • First person: the use of either of the two pronouns “I” or “we.” • Second person: the use of the pronoun “you.” • Third person: point of view uses pronouns like “he,” “she,” “it,” “they,” or a name. Point Of View The vantage point by which the story is told. Who is telling the story. Example: “I am so excited for English class to start” (first person) Why Authors Use It: To emphasize who is telling the story. By Terrence, Emma, Andrea, and Emily

Point Of View (First Person) When a character in the story is telling the story. His/her story. Example: “I am so excited for English class to start” (first person) Use:To give the perspective of one character only. Bring the audience closer to that character. By Terrence, Emma, Andrea, and Emily

Point Of View (3rd Person Limited) Point of view told in the third person, but limited to one character’s story. Example: Use: An author would use this because it shows the perspective of 1 character; bring the audience closer to the character; help them empathize. In third person limited the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character. Caitlin Walsh

Third Person Omniscient Mark Russo • a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story. Example: The T.V. show 13 reasons, The book My Sister’s Keeper (Each chapter tells a different character’s stories and tells you what each is thinking).

Theme The message the author sends to the audience about a particular topic. Topic: Love; Theme; love can help people to get through the most difficult of times. Topic:Transformation; Theme: In order to grow and transform, you may have to overcome difficulties in life. Ashley Crispyn

Allusion A reference to something in pop culture, music, another work of literature. Example:Your are my Superman! (Said to my son); if you don’t know who Superman is, you don’t get the allusion. Chumbucket (Spongebob) Use: To add deeper meaning to a text; to make a personal connection with the audience.

Alliteration Alliteration is the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of closely connected words. Example: 1) Sally sells sea shells by the sea shore. Use: To add rhythm to writing; to make writing more memorable.

Assonance The repetition of vowel sounds within a sentence. To establish rhythm Anthony Battaglia

Assonance • Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound. • An example is what is shown in the above. • Authors use it to help establish rhythm and to create a pleasing and memorable pice of writing.

DIALOGUE DEFINITION: A CONVERSATION BETWEEN TWO OR MORE PEOPLE AS A FEATURE OF A BOOK, PLAY, OR MOVIE WHY AUTHORS USE IT: IT SHOWS THE CHARACTERS PERSONALITY, EMOTIONS, AND ACTIONS. MOST IMPORTANTLY REALITY. TERRENCE, EMILY, EMMA AND ANDREA EMAMPLE:

Diction The choice and use of specific words and phrases in writing. Examples: When woody says, “Howdy” in Toy Story, instead of “Hi, how are you? or when Yoda talks like Yoda instead of talking normal. Use: Creates tone and mood. Tone toward the sun: The scorching sun beat down on us. VS The warm sun shined down on us. (Positive Tone) (Negative Tone) Mood: Jenna marched in the room, and scowled at her little brother. VS. Jenna glided in the room, and smiled at her little brother.

Dialect Example: Jim: “We’s safe, Huck, we’s safe! Jump up and crack yo’ heels. Dat’s de good ole Cairo at las’, I jis knows it.” Huck: “I’ll take the canoe and go see, Jim. It mightn’t be, you know.” Definition: A dialect is the language used by the people of a specific area, class, district, or any other group of people. The term dialect involves the spelling, sounds, grammar and pronunciation used by a particular group of people and it distinguishes them from other people around them. Daniel Johnstone Group 1 (Abby,Mike,Justin,Dan,Jake) Authors use this to show how the character acts or talks. It is usually based off of the setting and time.

Dialogue The conversations and thoughts of characters. “Hi Jordyn, How are you?” asked Mrs. Lopera “I’m amazing!” said Jordyn Use: For characterization & to help us understand the relationships and emotions between characters.

Flashback Definition-A flashback is a transition in a story to an earlier time, that interrupts the normal chronological order of events. An example- He has spent his entire month of July in his room crying; then we get an image from the past that explains why he cried all of July (a flashback). An author would use a flashback to deepen the inner conflict. Keira Young

Foreshadowing Definition: Literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story. Example: The evening was still. Suddenly, a cool breeze started blowing and made a windy night.(Foreshadows thunderstorm) Alyssa Burke Group 5

Example “I could hear the popping and cracking as mom dripped bacon into the frying pan, and soon the saty, greasy smell wafted toward me.” Imagery Definition: language that appeals to the five senses… Group 1

Irony (Dramatic) Definition - when an audience watching a play understands what's going on in a situation while the characters are unaware of what is happening. Example - An example of irony (Dramatic) is the last scene in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, when Romeo commits suicide because he thinks Juilet is dead. Jack Bruno Why Authors Use it - It is often used to make the audience to feel more involved.

IRONY (SITUATIONAL) Definition: The difference between what is expected to happen in a story and what actually occurs WHY AUTHORS USE IT: TO CREATE A MORE RELATABLE SITUATION OR IT CAN BE USED TO CHANGE THE MOOD OR TONE. EXAMPLE:

Irony (Verbal) By: Nicole Colombi Irony is when words are used in a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. You say something, but mean the opposite: Example: Break a leg Use: Funny, can create sarcasm, can create a bitter tone.

Metaphor Metaphor- a figure of speech that makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated, but which share some common characteristics. EX: The assignment was a breeze. Why would an author use this: They would use this to convey a theme; to make something clearer to the reader; to create imagery

Mood The mood is a literary element that gives off certain feelings towards the reade. Example: if an author writes a horror story, the mood is serious and sinister

Motif Motif is an object, symbol or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work. Example: Light and dark imagery to show good and bad Use: Develops major themes of a literary work, and help readers to comprehend the underlying messages that writers intend to communicate to them, by repeating the idea Abby Avena Group 1

Oxymoron Oxymoron is a word or phrase that contradicts itself. Authors would use oxymorons when describing things such as jumbo shrimp.

Onomatopoeia Onomatopoeia is sounds in the form of words. An example is “BOOM!”. Authors use it to show that a sound is being made.

Paradox Definition: A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly, but which may include a latent truth. From the Greek Word paradoxon which means “contrary to expectations, existing belief, or perceived opinion.” Example: Your enemy’s friend is your enemy. An author would use a paradox to make a reader think over an idea in an innovative way. Jake, Abby, Dan, Chris, Justin, and Michael

Personification Personification; the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non human or the representation of a abstract object in human form. Authors use this form of figurative language to make the story more interesting and relatable. Example: 1)the waffle jumped out of the toaster. 2)the fire ran wild 3) the storm attacked the town with great rage Emma merro

Repetition

Satire Satire is when people use humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. For example, George Orwell said “All animals are equal… but some are more equal than others.” Saturday Night Live, The Family Guy

Simile A simile is showing similarities between two different things, with the help of the words “like” or “as.”. Why the author uses it: Authors use similes to convey their sentiments and thoughts through vivid word pictures. By Andrea Rodriguez, Emily, Emma and Terrence Example: “Her hair was as golden on the sun.”

Suspense is a literary device that is used to create a feeling of anticipation that something risky or dangerous is about to happen. Suspense Why authors use it: to keep their readers’ interest alive throughout the work Example: In the novel Twilight, Edward’s thirst for blood could drive him to kill Bella at any moment. By Andrea Rodriguez, Emily, Emma and Terrence

Symbolism the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. For example in the title “Inside Out and Back Again” the girl was concerned about her papaya plant because it reminded her of spring at home. This fruit symbolized home. To make the story mean something Anthony Battaglia

Tone Mark Russo is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words, or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject Example of tone in a story include just about any adjective you can imagine:Scared, Anxious, Excited, Worried, Foolish, Smart, Depressing

Implicit/ Explicit Implicit is indirectly stated or implied. Explicit is directly stated and spelled out. Example of Implicit: There is a morality implicit in his writings. Example of Explicit: The law was explicit in whose tax rates were to be raised. An author would use implicit when something is not directly stated but is either suggested in the wording or necessary to effectuate the purpose. An author would use explicit when something is cleared stated and spelled out and there is no room for confusion, as in the writing of a contract or statute. Keira Young

Juxtaposition Definition: Juxtaposition is the technique of writing where thoughts, places, characters, and actions contradict each other. An author would use juxtaposition when there are two opposite siblings, such as evil and good.

Literary Elements & Techniques Slideshow Test Friday (9/28)