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Exposure Assessment in the Context of Epidemiological Risk Analysis

Explore the association between nutrient enrichment, water contaminants, and health, advocating for source protection to mitigate ecological and economic costs. Focus on nitrate exposure risks and associated health impacts based on epidemiological studies.

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Exposure Assessment in the Context of Epidemiological Risk Analysis

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  1. Exposure Assessment in the Context of Epidemiological Risk Analysis J.R. Nuckols, PhD Emeritus Professor of Environmental Health Sciences Colorado State University Associate Affiliate Faculty Colorado Water Institute Principal, JRN Environmental Health Sciences, Ltd.  North Bethesda, Maryland, USA jnuckols@colostate.edu Ph 970.218.4757 Fx  301.560.8589

  2. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ADVANCED SYSTEMS LABORATORYEST 1992

  3. RISK • ENVIRONMENT • CONTAMINANT • “By its very nature, environmental epidemiology requires integration of health, earth, engineering, and mathematical sciences…” ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMILOGY

  4. My Specific Focus: IWSI Symposium • Cumulative Risk: Where there is nutrient enrichment of surface and groundwaters, there are usually companion contaminants associated with the source. • Cumulative Impact: Degraded water resources result in increase health care costs and diminished quality of life. • increased prevalence of waterborne contaminant exposure and disease • lack of access to healthy environments for recreational purposes • fouling of prime agricultural and natural lands (reducing production, increasing pesticide use and/or ecological exposure) • Exposure to toxic pass through or secondary contaminants in “finished” water supply by conventional treatment. • Prevention: Source protection by far the most effective and efficient means of reducing ecologic, economic, and societal costs. • Advocate: Implementation of the Clean Water Rule (FR 80-124, June 29, 2015) as extension of the Clean Water Act (CWA)

  5. Drinking water nitrate and health • MCL of 10 mg/L NO3-N (~44 mg/L NO3) based on methemoglobinemia in infants • Ingested nitrate can form N-nitroso compounds • Most are carcinogenic and teratogen • Nitrate also inhibits iodine uptake by the thyroid • Epidemiologic studies - strongest evidence for: • Thyroid disease (hypothyroidism) • Colorectal cancer • Neural tube defects Source: Ward et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018

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