Management Information Systems

1. Management Information Systems Lecturer: Gareth Jones

2. What I Expect from You… • If you don’t understand- please tell me! • If you want to know more about anything- please ask! • If you would like another example- please ask! • Don’t copy your class mates’ work- do your own. • In short, make sure you understand and if you don’t- ask! Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

3. A bit of Chinese… • 如果你没有听懂我说的话, 请让我用其他方式解释 • 不懂是不丢脸的 • 如果你需要翻译, 我们可以一起来 • 不要考试作弊 • 好吧？ Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

4. Course Structure (I) • Lectures: • 12 lectures at 2 hours 30 minutes each • 1 lecture in presentation skills and examination review • Each lecture will cover things relevant to your case study and examination • The course is intensive so make sure you attend every class- it’s in your best interest! Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

5. Course Structure (II) • Group Project (40%) • You will be put into groups of 4-5 and follow a real life case study from the Chinese Traditional Medicine (中药) Industry • The project should be done day-by-day after each class • Final submission on Tuesday 31st March (30%) • You will give a presentation on your project (10%) • You will be required to assess each of your classmates in your group Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

6. Course Structure (III) • Final Examination (60%) • Your final exam will be based on what we discuss in lectures • It will comprise of 3 sections: • Multiple choice (40%) • Short Answers (40%) • Essay Question (20%) • We will go through exam type questions every lecture Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

7. What you will learn- Lecture 1 • Introduction to MIS • What information systems are. • The need for information systems in running and managing businesses today. • What information systems skills and knowledge are essential. • How to perform a management overview and generate a business case for MIS Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

8. Lecture 2 • Information Systems in the Enterprise • What enterprises are. • Major systems and functions in a business. • How these functions support business processes. • Business process integration. • Enterprise applications. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

9. Lecture 3 • Organisations and Management Strategy • Managements’ understanding and responsibility in the build and use of MIS. • Organisational impact of MIS. • How MIS supports management activities. • How business’ can use MIS to gain competitive advantage. • How to overcome organisational inertia. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

10. Lecture 4 • E-Commerce and Ethics • What is e-commerce? • How e-commerce has changed the way businesses operate. • How e-commerce aligns with business processes. • An introduction to ethics in MIS. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

11. Lecture 5 • Hardware and Software in the Enterprise • Hardware and software capabilities needed for MIS. • The organisation of this hardware and software. • The selection criteria and management of these enterprise assets. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

12. Lecture 6 • Data Resources and Telecommunications • Current problems with information mismanagement • How Database Management Systems (DBMS) can help organisations manage their information. • The tools and techniques to facilitate the above. • How telecoms can support MIS. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

13. Lecture 7 • Networks and Internet • Current network types and organisation. • What internet is. • How the internet works. • Current web technologies. • How computer networks and the internet can support MIS. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

14. Lecture 8 • Business Process Integration and ERP • What enterprise applications are. • How enterprise applications can be used. • Supply chain management, logistics management and customer relationship management (ERP). • The implementation of the above in an organisation. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

15. Lecture 9 • Organisational Redesign • How new MIS’ affects organisations. • How to ensure the new MIS aligns with a company’s strategy and ethos. • The steps and techniques required to undergo the organisational change. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

16. Lecture 10 • Knowledge Management and Decision Making • What is knowledge management • What types of systems are used to facilitate knowledge management • The enterprise wide value of knowledge management systems. • What decision support systems are and how they can support business decisions. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

17. Lecture 11 • Change Management • What is change management? • How change management can assist in providing tangible benchmarks from which to measure the effectiveness of MIS. • Strategies for change management during system implementation. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

18. Lecture 12 • Information Systems Security and Control • Why IS need security and control. • What type of security and control is available? • The techniques required to implement these necessary safe guards. • Lectures over… preparation for presentation and examination Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

19. Advice • Take notes in class- this is very, very important • Review your notes after every class • Translate words you don’t know on the day you come across them (translating 50 new words the day before the exam isn’t a good idea!) • Do the group assignment every day • Ask your class mates, or myself if you don’t know something • Set up a QQ discussion group for this class Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

20. Contact Details • Email: g.jones@gjit.co.uk • Please email any questions that you have outside of the class, in the class feel free to ask as many questions as you need to! • Lets get started! Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

21. Contemporary (当代) MIS (I) • Manchester United win the 2009 Carling Cup Final on penalties… • Assisted by an iPod • How can a football team win a match using an iPod? Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

22. Contemporary MIS (II) • Immediately before the penalty shootout, goal keeper Ben Foster watched videos of Tottenham players taking penalties with the Man. United goalkeeping coach. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

23. Contemporary MIS (III) • Sport today is big business and needs effective MIS to support it- Manchester United are set to reveal record turnover of more than £300 million when they publish their accounts for the year to June 2008 • Football, basketball, athletics, rugby all use MIS to support their business at the top level • Football penalties aside, why and how? Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

24. Why MIS is needed in sports? • Huge salaries (some football players earn 1’000’000元 every week!), travel costs, logistics, marketing and need to increase revenue by improving employee performance. • High resolution, organised video allows teams to review games, study opposition, develop new tactics and scout new players more efficiently. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

25. MIS in the NBA • Synergy Sports Technology’s tools help collect, organize, and distribute video of NBA games as well as enterprises in financial and banking sectors. • Demonstrates IT’s role in reducing cost, organizing data, and increasing efficiency. • Illustrates the emerging digital firm landscape where businesses can use tools to analyse critical data. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

26. MIS in the NBA, Premiership etc… Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

27. MIS for the Clothing Industry • US clothing and home ware giant JCPenny use effective MIS • Shared information with it’s Hong Kong supplier TAL Apparel Ltd. • TAL forecast and ship based on sales • JCPenney have no inventory Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

28. Online MIS • Amazon • Started with books, now sells a huge variety of different stock • No profits for 5 years • 615 million visitors annually by 2008 • $10.7 billion in 2006 • Taobao • Connects buyers and sellers from all over China • eBay • Connects buyers and sellers around the globe Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

29. So why MIS? • Information Systems knowledge is essential for ordinary people and managers • Organisations need information systems to survive and prosper • Information systems connect the globe • Information systems change the way people conduct business Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

30. Globalisation • Internet and global communications has greatly reduced economic and cultural advantages of traditionally more economically developed countries • Drastic reduction of costs of operating and transacting on global scale • Competition for jobs, markets, resources, ideas • Dependence on imports and exports • Requires new understandings of skills, markets, opportunities • Economic crisis has made this globalisation more apparent- China buying more of America’s debt for example Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

31. Information Based Economies • From the beginning of the 20th century to present day the US economy has seen the ‘knowledge based industries’ grow from a mere 15% to around 60% • China is experiencing this change also, despite a huge manufacturing industry, with annual growth in knowledge based industries. Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

32. Business Drivers for MIS • Businesses invests in IT to achieve six important business objectives • Operational excellence • New products, services, and business models • Customer and supplier intimacy • Improved decision making • Competitive advantage • Survival Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

33. Operational Excellence • Improved efficiency results in higher profits • Information systems and technologies help improve efficiency and productivity • E.g. Wal-Mart (沃尔码): • Power of combining information systems and best business practices to achieve operational efficiency—and $348 billion in sales in 2007 • Most efficient store in world as result of digital links between suppliers and stores Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

34. New Products & Disruptive Technologies • iPhone, Google Android, Blackberry • Allow global communications for businesses and consumers • Vastly increasing web based internet usage • Digital cameras, flash memory, Amazon Kindle??? • Replaced analogue cameras and portable CD players • Needed effective R&D through MIS • Flexibility through MIS to survive Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

35. Customer Retention (Keeping customers) • Customers who are served well become repeat customers who purchase more • Mandarin Oriental hotel • Uses IT to foster an intimate relationship with its customers, keeping track of preferences, much the way Amazon does online. • Close relationships with suppliers result in lower costs • JCPenney • IT to enhance relationships with it’s supplier in Hong Kong Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

36. Competitive Advantage • Often results from achieving previous business objectives • Advantages over competitors: • Charging less for superior products, better performance, and better response to suppliers and customers • China’s train system: can you imagine going online to find out how many train tickets were left, and then buy them online?! Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

37. Survival • Businesses may need to invest in information systems out of necessity; simply the cost of doing business • Keeping up with competitors • Citibank’s introduction of ATMs (自动柜员机) • Regulations and reporting requirements • Sarbanes-Oxley Act (tighter controls on public companies) Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

38. MIS Key Terms • Information Technology (技术情报): The hardware and software a business uses to achieve objectives • Information System (信息系统): Interrelated components that manage information to: • Support decision making and control • Help with analysis, visualisation, and product creation • Data: Streams of raw facts • Information: Data shaped into meaningful, useful form Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

39. Data vs. Information Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

40. What is an IS? • Activities in an information system that produce information such as: • Input • Processing • Output • Feedback • In short, interrelated components that modify in some way and distribute information • IT’s not just computers!!! Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

41. Information System Functions Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

42. People in MIS • Information systems literacy • Includes behavioral and technical approach • Computer literacy • Focuses mostly on knowledge of IT • Management information systems (MIS) • Focuses on information systems literacy • Issues surrounding development, use, impact of information systems used by managers and employees Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

43. Business Perspectives on MIS • Three dimensions of information systems: • Organisations • People • Technology Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

44. Organisations • Organisations • Coordinate work through structured hierarchy and business processes • Business processes: Related tasks and behaviors for accomplishing work • E.g. Fulfilling an order • May be informal or include formal rules • Culture embedded in information systems • E.g. UPS’s concern with placing service to customer first Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

45. Management • Management • Information systems require skilled people to build, maintain, use them • Employee attitudes affect ability to use systems productively • Role of managers • Perceive business challenges • Set organizational strategy • Allocate human and financial resources • Creative work: New products, services Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

46. Technology • Technology • IT Infrastructure: Foundation or platform that information systems built on • Computer hardware • Computer software • Data management technology • Networking and telecommunications technology • Internet and Web, extranets, intranets • Voice, video communications Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

47. MIS as more than just computers Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

48. Assets to MIS • Organisation • Distributed decision making • Effective processes • Management • Understanding of the importance of change • Supportive culture • Social • IT Infrastructure • Standards • Education • Regulations Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

49. MIS approach • A ‘socio-technical’ approach • Combination of: • Computer science • Management Science • Sociology • Works holistically () to a goal of organisational improvement Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)

50. Organisational Flattening? • Removing unnecessary layers of management: • Giving more autonomy (power to make decisions) to low level staff • Cultural differences? China vs. UK/US Management Information Systems (BUS-141 MIS)