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Grammar Rules for Correct Writing

Learn when to capitalize, italicize/underline, hyphenate, and use quotation marks in writing to enhance clarity and correctness. Get examples and practice exercises.

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Grammar Rules for Correct Writing

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  1. UWF WRITING LABRULES OF THUMB FOR FAULTY CAPITALIZATION, ITALICIZATION, HYPHENATION, AND QUOTATION TECHNIQUE From Real Good Grammar, Too by Mamie Webb Hixon Created by April Turner

  2. CAPITALIZE • (NOTE: The list below includes, but is not limited to, proper nouns that should be capitalized; when in doubt, consult a dictionary.) • Words in a title except articles, prepositions, and conjunctions • The Wizard of Oz • Professional titles preceding or following names • Doctor Frank Jones • Titles with rank • Chief Petty Officer • Specific departments • Foreign Language Department

  3. CAPITALIZE, cont. • Geographical areas • East Coast • Names of businesses and institutions • First National Bank • Languages • Korean • Courses followed by a number Composition 101

  4. CAPITALIZE, cont. • Religions, churches, denominations • Catholicism • Organizations • Boys and Girls Club • Historical events, periods • Renaissance • Familial terms such as mother and father if they are not preceded by a possessive word • Aunt Judy is my favorite aunt. • Races, nationalities • Mexican-American

  5. CAPITALIZE, cont. • Calendar names and events • Independence Day • Personal names and nicknames • Sean “P. Diddy” Combs • Ships, trains, planes • Air Force One • Abbreviations: acronyms and initialisms • AA U W F

  6. ITALICIZE/UNDERLINE • Longer works: • Books, novels, plays, movies, newspapers, magazines, paintings, sculptures, ships, trains, TV programs • When Harry Met Sally, The New Yorker, Pensacola News Journal, Who Wants To Be a Millionaire?

  7. USE QUOTATION MARKS FOR • Shorter works: • TV episodes, short stories, songs, poems, chapters in a book, essays, speeches • “I Have a Dream,” “The Road Not Taken” • Direct quotations • (Place periods and commas inside closing quotation marks; semicolons and colons, outside; question marks and exclamation marks are placed according to whether the mark accompanies the sentence or the quotation.) • Cameron exclaimed, “That dog’s barking keeps us up at all hours of the night!”

  8. HYPHENATE • Words with a fixed hyphen (use a dictionary) • Compound modifiers preceding a noun: a three-hour movie • Words beginning with the prefixes self-, all-, and well- • Prefixes before a proper noun: all-American

  9. HYPHENATE, cont. • Fractions used as modifiers: one-third voter turnout • Numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine • Multiword adjectives: out-of-state checks • Some compound nouns: mother-in-law

  10. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS • Are there any questions about when to use capital letters, italize/underline, quotation marks, or hyphens? • PLEASE ASK!!!

  11. LET’S PRACTICE!!! • The Grapes of Wrath is Steinbeck’s greatest novel. • The Grapes of Wrath… • My Aunt attends the local Junior College. • My aunt…junior college • Beth said that “Tony is a teacher’s pet.” • No quotation marks • UWF boasts a low student teacher ratio. • …student-teacher…

  12. LET’S PRACTICE A LITTLE MORE!!! • Joe Smith is a member of the I have a dream foundation. • …I Have a Dream Foundation • Doesn’t everyone love Elvis’s song called Jailhouse Rock? • …“Jailhouse Rock”? • Her paper is extremely well written. • …well-written • Jessie has never read Much Ado About Nothing, but she did watch the movie. • …Much Ado About Nothing…

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