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Higher Particles and Waves

Higher Particles and Waves. QUESTION 1. The diagram below shows the apparatus used by Rutherford to investigate the scattering of alpha particles by a thin gold foil. What three factors did Rutherford deduce about an atom from the experiment?. QUESTION 2.

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Higher Particles and Waves

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  1. HigherParticles and Waves

  2. QUESTION 1 The diagram below shows the apparatus used by Rutherford to investigate the scattering of alpha particles by a thin gold foil. What three factors did Rutherford deduce about an atom from the experiment?

  3. QUESTION 2 Compared with a proton, an alpha particle has

  4. QUESTION 3 The symbols for two isotopes of Carbon are given Carbon 14 and Carbon 12 are said to be isotopes of Carbon as

  5. QUESTION 4 From the nuclear disintegration below, which row of the table shows the correctvalues of X,Y and Z?

  6. QUESTION 5 Part of a radioactive series is shown below. List the correct values for X and Y which were omitted.

  7. QUESTION 6 The equation below represents a nuclear reaction. What is this reaction an example of?

  8. QUESTION 7 The symbol for a radioactive source used in smoke alarms is a) What information is given by the numbers 95 and 241? b) From the decay equation below, state the name of the radiation given off.

  9. QUESTION 8 Calculate the energy released in the nuclear fusion reaction below.

  10. QUESTION 9 a) State the type of nuclear reaction taking place in the above equation. b) Explain using E = mc 2 , how energy is produced in the reaction. c) Using the data in the table below, calculate the energy released in the reaction.

  11. QUESTION 10 Using the information given in the table below: a) Calculate the energy released in the nuclear fusion reaction. b) How many reactions need to occur per second to produce a power of 40MW?

  12. QUESTION 11 • a) What is the purpose of magnetic fields • in a nuclear fusion reactor? • b) How is the container protected in a • nuclear fusion reactor?

  13. QUESTION 12 Find the refractive index for the glass block shown below.

  14. QUESTION 13 The diagram below shows a parallel beam of monochromatic light emerging from an underwater spotlight in an ornamental pond. Calculate the absolute refractive index of the water in the pond.

  15. QUESTION 14 a) State the speed of light in air. b) Calculate the speed of light within a lens made of glass with arefractive index of 1.48.

  16. QUESTION 15 Light of frequency 6x1014Hz passes from air into glass. The refractive index of the glass is 1.50. Calculate the wavelength of the light in the glass.

  17. QUESTION 16 A ray of red light travels from air into glass as shown in the diagram below. Calculate the critical angle for the glass.

  18. QUESTION 17 A ray of monochromatic light of frequency 5x1014Hz is incident on a glass block of refractive index 1.52. Calculate or find: a) Frequency of light in glass. b) Angle of refraction in glass.

  19. QUESTION 18 Light of wavelength 650nm passes from air into water of refractive index of 1.33. Calculate or find: a) Frequency of light in water. b) Velocity of light in water. c) Wavelength of light in water.

  20. QUESTION 19 A beam of light of frequency 4.85x1014Hz passes from Air into Diamond. If the speed of light in Diamond is 1.24x108ms-1, calculate or find: a) Refractive index of Diamond. b) Frequency of light in Diamond. c) Wavelength of light in Diamond. d) Critical angle of Diamond.

  21. QUESTION 20 A ray of light travelling through glass of refractive index 1.54 approaches air as shown below. a) Calculate the critical angle for the glass. b) Draw the path that the ray of light will follow.

  22. QUESTION 21 The diagram shows a ray of light passing from air into glass and then into water. Which is the correct path for the light?

  23. QUESTION 22 An engineer creates an experimental window using sheets of transparent plastics P,Q and R. A ray of light is directed at the window follows the path shown. Which row in the table gives possible values for the three refractive indices of the three plastics?

  24. QUESTION 23 The energy of a water wave depends on its

  25. QUESTION 24 Which of the following proves that light is transmitted as waves?

  26. QUESTION 25 An LHS student makes the following statements about waves from coherentsources. Which of these statements are correct? i The waves have the same velocity ii The waves have the same wavelength iii The waves have a constant phase relationship.

  27. QUESTION 26 S1 and S2 are coherent waves which produce an interference pattern along the line XY. The first maximum occurs at P, where S1P = 22cm and S2P = 18cm. Calculate the path difference at the third maximum at R, where the path difference = S1R –S2R.

  28. QUESTION 27 A microwave source at point O produces waves of wavelength28mm. A metal reflector is placed as shown below. A constructive interference pattern occurs at point X. If the distance OX = 400mm, then find possible values for the total path length OYX.

  29. QUESTION 28 Two identical loudspeakers L1 and L2 are connected to a signal generator as shown below. A second minima is detected at point T. If the wavelength of the sound is 40mm and L1T =500mm then calculate the distance L2T.

  30. QUESTION 29 Two loudspeakers are connected to a signal generator which produces a sound with a frequency of 6800Hz.

  31. QUESTION 29 (Cont’d) a) The waves produced from the loudspeakers are coherent. What does this mean? b) Calculate the wavelength of the sound waves. c) A microphone is placed at point A which is 1.25m from one loudspeaker and 1.50m away from the other loudspeaker. Explain whether constructive or destructive interference is taking place at point A. d) If one of the loudspeaker is switched off, then explain how the amplitude of the sound would be affected at point A .

  32. QUESTION 30 A grating is placed in a colourless liquid in a container. Laser light is passed through a grating of 200lines mm-1 as shown in the diagram below. a) Calculate the wavelength of the laser light in the liquid. b) How would the spacing between the maxima be affected if the experiment was repeated in a liquid of greater refractive index?

  33. QUESTION 31 A green filter is placed in front of a source of white light, with the filtered light viewed through a diffraction grating with 100 lines mm-1. A pattern of bright and dark bands is observed. Which of the following changes would decrease the spacing between the bright bands?

  34. QUESTION 32 When white light passes through a grating, maxima of irradiance is produced on the screen as shown below. In the continuous spectra, violet light is observed closest to the central maxima. Which of the following statements is/are true?

  35. QUESTION 33 Monochromatic light is incident on a grating and the resulting interference pattern is viewed on a screen. The distance between the neighbouring areas of constructive interference on the screen:

  36. QUESTION 34 A spectrum of white light from a filament lamp may be viewed using a grating or a prism. An LHS student is asked to compare the spectra formed from the two methods, made the following statements. Which of the following statements is/are true?

  37. QUESTION 35 A beam of light is passed through two optical components P and Q as shown below. Which row in the table below is correct?

  38. QUESTION 36 The light Irradiance is 160 units at a distance of 0.50m from a point source of light in a darkened room. Calculate the Light Irradiance at a point 2.0m from the source.

  39. QUESTION 37 A photographic light meter indicates a Light Irradiance of 4Wm-2 at a distance of 2.0m from a light source. Calculate the separation from the light source required to produce a light Irradiance of 0.25Wm-2.

  40. QUESTION 38 To demonstrate the photoelectric effect, radiation is directed onto a surface of a clean charged zinc plate. Which of the following sets of conditions is required to produce the emission of photoelectrons from the zinc plate?

  41. QUESTION 39 When light of frequency f is shone on to a certain metal, photoelectrons are ejected with a maximum velocity v and kinetic energy EK. Light of the same frequency but twice the Irradiance is shone on to the metal. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

  42. QUESTION 40 Ultraviolet radiation is incident on a clean zinc plate with photoelectrons being ejected. The clean zinc plate is replaced by a different metal with a lower work function. Assuming that all of the other conditions in the experiment are kept the same which of the following statements is/are true for the new metal?

  43. QUESTION 41 Ultraviolet light causes the emission of photoelectrons from a zinc plate. If radiation of higher frequency is used in the experiment, then which row of the following table shows the effect of the change?

  44. QUESTION 42 Photons of energy 6x10-19J are incident on a clean metal surface of work function 8x10-19J. Explain using the graph below why photoelectric emission will not take place in this instance.

  45. QUESTION 43 The minimum energy required to eject an electron from a certain metal is 3x10-19J. Light of frequency 4.8x1014Hz is incident on the metal Which of the following statements is correct?

  46. QUESTION 44 a)What is meant by the ‘work function of a metal’ being 6.4x10-19J? b)Light of frequency 1.2x1015Hz is shone on to the metal surface. Find out whether these photons of light will cause photoelectric emission. c)The light is then replaced by another light of frequency 1.5x1015Hz. How much extra energy is available for the electrons after they are released and in which form does it take?

  47. QUESTION 45 Photons come from three lamps that emit red, green and blue light as shown below. Explain in detail how the diagram below relates to these colours of light in relation to the photoelectric effect.

  48. QUESTION 46 Photons of energy 9x10-19J are incident on a clean metal surface of work function 7x10-19J. Calculate or find: a) Frequency of the photons. b) Kinetic energy of the electrons leaving the metal surface. c) Speed of the electrons leaving the metal surface.

  49. QUESTION 47 Which graph shows the relationship between frequency f and wavelength λ of photons of electromagnetic radiation?

  50. QUESTION 48 An atom has the energy levels shown in the diagram. How many emission lines are produced by transitions between these energy levels?

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