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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Architectural Drafting Equipment. Introduction. Manual drafting Term used to describe traditional pencil or ink drafting Tools and equipment Available from a number of vendors Always purchase high-quality equipment for accuracy and durability. Drafting Supplies.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Architectural Drafting Equipment

  2. Introduction • Manual drafting • Term used to describe traditional pencil or ink drafting • Tools and equipment • Available from a number of vendors • Always purchase high-quality equipment for accuracy and durability

  3. Drafting Supplies • Purchased by kit or individually • Minimum needed for manual drafting: • Mechanical leader • With 4H, 2H, H, and F grade leads • 0.3 mm automatic drafting pencil • With 4H, 2H, and H leads • One 0.5 mm automatic drafting pencil • With 4H, 2H, and F leads

  4. Drafting Supplies (cont’d.) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d.): • 0.7 mm automatic drafting pencil • With 2H, H, and F leads • 0.9 mm automatic drafting pencil • With H, F, and HB leads • Lead sharpener • 6" bow compass • Dividers

  5. Drafting Supplies (cont’d.) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d.): • Eraser • Erasing shield • 30°− 60° triangle • 45° triangle • Irregular curve • Adjustable triangle (optional)

  6. Drafting Supplies (cont’d.) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d.): • Scales • Drafting tape • Architectural floor plan template for residential plans, with 1/4" = 1'−0" scale • Circle template with small holes • Lettering guide

  7. Drafting Supplies (cont’d.) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d.): • Sandpaper sharpening pad • Dusting brush • Additional equipment: • Technical pen set and drafting ink • Lettering and drafting templates • Drafting furniture

  8. Drafting Pencils and Leads • Mechanical pencils • Requires lead to be manually inserted • Automatic pencils • Has a lead chamber that, at the push of a button or tab, advances the lead • Lead grades • Several available • Selection depends on pressure amount and technique factors

  9. Drafting Pencils and Leads (cont’d.) • Polyester leads • Used to draw on polyester film • Colored leads • Have special uses • Technical pens • Provide excellent inked lines

  10. Drafting Pencils and Leads (cont’d.) • Basic pencil motions • Mechanical pencils • Kept sharp with a slightly rounded point • Keep aligned with drafting instrument, tilted about 45° • Always pull the pencil • Keep lines uniform in width (rotation and pressure) • Automatic pencils • Keep straight from side to side, tilted about 40°

  11. Erasers and Accessories • Erasers used for drafting • White pencil eraser • Pink pencil eraser • Soft-green or soft-pink pencil eraser • Kneaded eraser • Vinyl eraser • India ink refill eraser

  12. Erasers and Accessories (cont’d.) • Erasing tips • Erase only hard enough to remove unwanted feature • Ghost lines result from hard pressure • Work slowly • Do not apply too much pressure or erase in one spot too long • On polyester film, use a vinyl eraser and/or a moist cotton swab

  13. Erasers and Accessories (cont’d.) • Electrical erasers • Erase quickly at high speed • Erasing shields • Thin sheets with slots and holes • Cleaning agents • Special eraser particles • Dusting brushes • Removes eraser particles

  14. Drafting Instruments • Compasses • Used to draw circles and arcs • Drop-bow • Center-wheel • Beam • Dividers • Used to transfer dimensions or to divide a distance into a number of equal parts • Proportional dividers

  15. Drafting Instruments (cont’d.) • Parallel bar • Used to draw horizontal lines • Triangles • Used to draw angled lines • Architectural templates • Used for tracing • Irregular curves (i.e., French curves) • Used to draw arcs with no constant radii

  16. Drafting Machines • Used in place of triangles and parallel bars • Arm drafting machine • Track drafting machine • Drafting machine head • Contains controls for horizontal, vertical, and angular movement

  17. Drafting Machines (cont’d.)

  18. Scales • Used for: • Making measurements • Establishing dimensions • Drawing features at reduced size • Scale notation: • Usually noted on title block or below the view differing in scale

  19. Scales (cont’d.) • Types: • Metric scale • Millimeter is commonly used • Architects scale • Contains 11 different scales • Civil engineer’s scale • Commonly used to draw site plans, maps, or subdivision plats or to read existing land documents

  20. Protractors • Used when: • A drafting machine is not used • Combining triangles does not provide enough flexibility for drawing angles • Measuring angles within ½°

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