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This article discusses the evolution of national space-based PNT (Positioning, Navigation, and Timing) policy from pre-1996 to post-2004, highlighting the challenges, achievements, and lessons learned. It covers the limited policy before 1996, the first national GPS policy released in 1996, and the comprehensive national space-based PNT policy introduced in 2004. The article also addresses issues and concerns such as funding, compatibility, interoperability, and international efforts. It emphasizes the need for stability, leadership, transparency, and engagement in maintaining and reviewing space-based PNT policy.
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Meeting of the National Space-based PNT Advisory Board November 5-6, 2009 Evolution of National Space-based PNT Policy: Lessons Learned Michael E. Shaw Former Director, National Coordination Office for Space-based PNT
Evolutionary Stages of National Policy Development • Pre-1996 • No focused/well defined national policy on GPS or space-based PNT • 1996 - 2004 • First National Policy on GPS in March 1996 • Post 2004 • Released National Policy on Space-based PNT in Dec 2004
Pre-1996:Limited National Policy on GPS • Achieved GPS operational capability in mid 1990s for effort initiated in 1970s • Russian GLONASS also achieved operational capability in 1995 but quickly declined; perceived as primarily military • GPS effort was DoD/AF focused with growing interest by civil Departments, particularly FAA in early 1990s • Issues/concerns • No “rules of the road” for how the various Departments and Agencies should interact or relate to each other regarding GPS • Confrontation regarding the fielding of the FAA’s WAAS • Use of Selective Ability (SA) • Limited representation of civil equities in DoD/AF decision processes (e.g. the requirements process, etc)
1996 – 2004:First National GPS Policy • Released March 1996 • Goal: Overall to enhance economic competiveness/productivity; protect national security & foreign policy interests (6 specific goals) • Acknowledged growing military, civil, commercial, scientific demand • Established Interagency GPS Executive Board (IGEB) • DoD/DOT led; Assistant Secretary level forum • Committed to discontinue use of Selective Availability • Issues/Concerns • Limited ability by IGEB to influence Depts decision making • No clearly articulated [or understanding of] Departmental roles/responsibilities • No civil funding equity in the DoD/AF GPS program execution • Result - limited influence on DoD/AF decision making • Emerging independent international interest/efforts • Initially European and then others • Compatibility and interoperability between systems
Post 2004:National Space-based PNT Policy • Policy released in December 2004 • Comprehensive prescriptive national policy • 10+ narrative pages; some argued at the time as too prescriptive • Established National Executive Board (Dep Sec’s), National Coordination Office (SES Director/member staffs), and Federal Advisory Board (to include international members) • Defined civil funding contribution to DoD/AF GPS program • Recognized existence of other international space-based PNT (GNSS) • Introduced concepts of compatibility and interoperability • Issues/concerns • Timely execution of civil funding contributions ($43.4 M in FY2010) • Space-based PNT versus all PNT (space and ground) versus Global Positioning and Timing Service (GPtS) • International efforts continue to proliferate and mature (e.g. China, etc) • Compatibility, interoperability, and now potential saturation • Maintain stability of GPS/PNT policy, requirements, funding, leadership • Engage senior leadership, ensure transparency, avoid isolationism • Space policy review currently in progress
