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COOLING SYSTEMS WATER TREATMENT TRAINING

A and W TECHNOLOGIES. COOLING SYSTEMS WATER TREATMENT TRAINING. Presented by. Plant Refrigeration Costs. Electricity. 20%. Equipment. Depreciation. 59%. Labor. Makeup Cost. Sewer Cost. 13%. 5%. Water Treatment. 2%. 1%. NUMBER 1 PRIORITY. SAFETY. THINK.

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COOLING SYSTEMS WATER TREATMENT TRAINING

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  1. A and W TECHNOLOGIES COOLING SYSTEMSWATER TREATMENTTRAINING Presented by

  2. Plant Refrigeration Costs Electricity 20% Equipment Depreciation 59% Labor Makeup Cost Sewer Cost 13% 5% Water Treatment 2% 1%

  3. NUMBER 1 PRIORITY SAFETY THINK

  4. COOLING WATER IMPURITIES • TYPICAL IMPURITIES • Ions Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfate, Silica, chlorides All can react to form harmful deposits • pH Increasing pH - increased scale potential Decreasing pH - increased corrosion potential

  5. COOLING WATER IMPURITIES • Characteristics City Water Well • pH 7.2 7.3 • M alkalinity 0 ppm 71 • Chorides 12 ppm 2.3 • Hardness 17 ppm 68 • Silica 4.2 ppm 23 • Iron .05 to .5 ppm .5 • Conductivity 60 mmhos 160 - 185 • Copper .1 ppm .1

  6. FORCED DRAFT TOWER Condenser Water EVAPORATION HOT WELL FAN Fill Solenoid valve Blowdown line to drain MAKEUP water meter WELL & CITY 3 Chillers COLD WELL Recirculation pumps

  7. A and W TECHNOLOGIES Forced Draft Tower Blowdown MAKEUP Water Meter PROCESS 74*F 90*F

  8. NATURAL DRAFT TOWER 500’ 500,000 GPM 10* F Delta T - Approach Power Generating Station

  9. Water distribution Evaporative Condensor Evaporation Chillwater in the tubes or ammonia ? Makeup water To chemical feed center Recirculation pump Hey what the heck is that? • BAC Evaporative condensor • Chicken plants and food manufacturers

  10. COOLING WATER • OPERATIONAL FACTORS • Evaporation = (Recirc. Rate x Delta T x .001) = GPM Pure water leaves Solids concentrate Requires fresh water makeup to be added • Blowdown *Makeup = Equal to Evaporation Evap + BD Cycles - 1 • Cycles Equal to Conductivity in Tower Conductivity in Makeup

  11. Typical Specifications • Evaporation • 5000 x 10 x 70% x 24 x .06 = 50,400 GPD • Blowdown • 50,400 / 5-1 = 12,600 GPD • Makeup = Evap + BD • 50,400 + 12,600= 63,000 GPD

  12. Typical Specifications • Evaporation Credits • 4220 x 10 x 60% x 24 x .06 = 36,461 GPD • At 365 days per year this is 13,308,265 GPY • Sewer charge is $2.75 per 1000 gallons • 13,308,265/1000 = 13,308 x $2.75 = $36,597

  13. 40 35 30 25 Blowdown Tower 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cycles Optimizing Cycles

  14. Saves Water 40 35 30 25 Blowdown Tower 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cycles

  15. COOLING WATER PROBLEMS • CORROSION • Tendency for metal to revert to its natural state • Electrochemical reaction • Anode, cathode, source of electron flow and an electrolyte • General thinning and/or pitting • Galvanic corrosion

  16. At the Anode • One end of the “battery” Fe++ Anode e- e- e- e- e- Fe = Fe++ + 2e-

  17. At the Cathode • The other end completes the circuit! H2O OH- O2 Cathode e- e- e- e- e- 1/2O2 + H2O + 2e- = 2OH-

  18. Result: Corrosion Products Form OH- Fe++ OH- Cathode Fe(OH)2 Anode Fe(OH)2 Anode Fe++ + 2OH- = Fe(OH)2

  19. COOLING WATER TREATMENT • CORROSION CONTROL • Without it.... Destruction of equipment Plant downtime due to equipment failure Decreased efficiency / decreased heat transfer

  20. COOLING WATER TREATMENT • CORROSION CONTROL • Anodic inhibitors • Cathodic inhibitors Continuous feed must be maintained to keep the protective film in place !! Control of blowdown / pH critical to success!!

  21. A and W Cooling Products

  22. A and W Technologies • Three-Part Corrosion Protection • Deposit Protection • Molybdate Tracer • Medium to High pH

  23. A and W Inhibitors. . . • Passivates Anodic Sites • Protects Cathodic Sites • Shields Copper Surfaces • Reliable Corrosion Protection A and W To Protect and to Serve

  24. 1. Anodic Protection O2 O2 ------------------------ -iron oxide----------------------- e- e- A and W Inhibitors Passivate the Steel

  25. With A and W . . .

  26. COOLING WATER PROBLEMS • SCALE • Crystalline structure • Combinations of cations and anions • Water analysis can provide scaling indices to determine scale forming potential • Inversely soluble • As temperature increases solubility decreases (scale can come out of solution)

  27. COOLING WATER PROBLEMS • FOULING • Accumulation of organic / inorganic material • Examples: Biological slimes Algae Corrosion products Airborne dirt and debris • Subject to flow velocities • Organic fouling can be found throughout

  28. A and W Inhibitors . . . Technology Suspends Contaminants

  29. A and W Inhibitors . . . Patented Technology Suspends Contaminants Inhibits Scale Formation

  30. A and W Inhibitors . . . Patented Technology Suspends Contaminants Inhibits Scale Formation Allows High Cycles

  31. A and W Inhibitors . . . Patented Technology Suspends Contaminants Inhibits Scale Formation Allows High Cycles Maintains Heat Transfer Efficiency

  32. A and W TECHNOLOGIES AWC CHEMICAL FEED CONDENSER WATER All pumps plug into controller. Blowdown solenoid also plugs into controller. Signal from water meter back to controller if used. Power needs to be supplied to the controller. 110VAC @ 10 amps. 3/4 INCH SCH. 80 PVC Return to Tower USE SCREWED TEES AT INJECTIONS Supply line CONTROLLER A and W CORROSION COUPON RACK 3/4 inch PVC pipe and screwed tees. Notice orientation, with flow. Can be constructed on site. *Presently No Coupon Studies! AWC AWC AWC Awc 310 M-1015 M-1202 CL-1 & M92

  33. COOLING WATER TREATMENT • BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Cooling water systems provide an excellent environment for microbio activity Fouling and underdeposit corrosion Toxicant evaluations can determine the most effective biocide BUGS ALGAE

  34. COOLING WATER TREATMENT • BIOLOGICAL CONTROL • Oxidizing biocides - “BURNS THE BUGS” Chlorine, bromine, sodium hypochlorite Provides quick kill Fed at a rate exceeding the chlorine demand plus 0.5 to 1 ppm free chlorine residual for one to four hours

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