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Removing technical barriers to include tropical peatlands in the REDD+ mechanism

Removing technical barriers to include tropical peatlands in the REDD+ mechanism. Daniel Murdiyarso, Kristell Hergoualc’h and Louis Verchot. Wetlands International Side Event – UNFCCC COP16 Cancun – Mexico, 2 December 2010. Outline. Introduction What are the technical barriers?

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Removing technical barriers to include tropical peatlands in the REDD+ mechanism

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  1. Removing technical barriers to include tropical peatlands in the REDD+ mechanism Daniel Murdiyarso, Kristell Hergoualc’h and Louis Verchot Wetlands International Side Event – UNFCCC COP16 Cancun – Mexico, 2 December 2010

  2. Outline • Introduction • What are the technical barriers? • Why and how they should be removed? • IPCC methodologies • Stock-change approach • Flux-change approach • Combination • Estimating emissions  MRV • Conclusions

  3. Activity data Drainage canals 2007 1991

  4. Estimating C-stocks • Aboveground biomass • Belowground biomass • Litter • Dead wood • Soil Stock-change approach, C Pools: (full depth of peat deposit) Difficulties & Limits: Peat C stocks • Peat depth up to 20 m  compaction, limited number profiles • Presence logs  bulk density • High water table level  bulk density • C loss = CFOREST - COLU

  5. Emission factors C-Stocks (Mg C/ha) Aboveground forest biomass 180 + 38 Aboveground oil palm biomass 24 + 8 Peat loss due to fires 100 + 50

  6. IPCC Guidelines Stock-change approach Flux-change approach Source: IPCC (2006)

  7. Transects in PSPs Trees >5 cm dbh measured in 7m radius (all plots) Wood debris transects (4 per plot, all plots) Trees <5 cm dbh measured in 2m radius (all plots) D A R= 2m River edge 7 m B C 12 m 3 soil depth measurements and 1 nutrient core (all plots) Understory/litter sample (2 per plot, all plots) Plot: 1 2 3 4 5 6 25 m 25 m

  8. Above and belowgroundC-stocks

  9. Basal area and IVI Importance Value Index (%)

  10. Peat depth matters

  11. Flux change approach, C fluxes: Biomass growth (above- & below-ground, Net Primary Production) Losses from biomass harvest & burning Transfer into and out of peat stocks Measuring C-flux Difficulties & Limits: Biomass • Meteorological techniques: • expensive & sophisticated

  12. Methodsfor estimating C-loss from land conversions Stock-change approach • Before • After • Peat CFOREST • COLU •  • C loss = CFOREST - COLU

  13. Methodsfor estimating C-loss from land conversions Flux-change approach • Before • After • Peat • CFOREST =CIN -COUT • COLU =CIN -COUT •  • C loss = (CFOREST - COLU) × duration

  14. Methodsfor estimating C-loss from land conversions • Before • After Combination of both methods CAbove-ground biomass FOREST CAbove-ground biomass LU Cpeat FOREST = CIN peat –COUT peat Cpeat OLU =CIN peat –COUT peat • C loss = (CAbvgrd biomass FOREST -CAbvgrd biomass LU) • + (CpeatFOREST - CpeatOLU) × duration • 

  15. C-fluxes into and out of the peat Total soil respiration = Heterotrophic soil respiration + root respiration Heterotrophic soil respiration = peat oxidation = peat decomposition Heterotrophic soil respiration Litterfall CH4 Land clearing fire Soluble & physical removal Root mortality

  16. Emissions accounting • After • Before SRH 9.3 F 4.5 SRH 6.9 L 1.5 L 7.4 CH4 0.03 CH4 – 0.0002 R 3.6 R 1.5 S&PR 1 S&PR 1 Cpeat OP =CIN peat –COUT peat = 5.0 – 14.8 = - 9.8 Mg C ha-1 y-1 Cpeat FOREST =CIN peat –COUT peat = 8.9 – 7.9 = 1.0 Mg C ha-1 y-1

  17. Emissions accounting • Before • After • C loss = (CAbvgrd biomass FOREST -CAbvgrd biomass LU) • + 270 • C loss = (182-24) • + 270 • C loss = 428 Mg C ha-1 over 25 years • C loss = (CAbvgrd biomass FOREST -CAbvgrd biomass LU) • + (1.0 – (-9.8)) × 25 •  •  •  •  CAbove-ground biomass FOREST CAbove-ground biomass OLU Cpeat FOREST= CIN peat –COUT peat Cpeat OLU = CIN peat –COUT peat • C loss = (CAbvgrd biomass FOREST -CAbvgrd biomass LU) • + (CpeatFOREST - CpeatLU) × duration • 

  18. Conclusions • Important gaps knowledge of C cycle in tropical peatlands e.g. peat swamp forests and Acacia plantations • Estimates show very high C-stocks and C-loss • Peat swamp forest conversion into oil palm plantation: 63% total C loss from the peat • C-pools and their fates associated with land cover change and fire incidence are greatly needed in order to make sound policy decisions relating to carbon financing through REDD+ mechanism

  19. Thank you www.cifor.cgiar.org

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