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Prospects for High Temperature Superconducting Magnets

Prospects for High Temperature Superconducting Magnets. NHMFL User Committee Meeting October 2, 2009. YBCO properties: Aixia Xu, Fumitake Kametani, Jan Jaroszynski, Youri Viouchkov

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Prospects for High Temperature Superconducting Magnets

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  1. Prospects for High Temperature Superconducting Magnets NHMFL User Committee Meeting October 2, 2009 YBCO properties: Aixia Xu, Fumitake Kametani, Jan Jaroszynski, Youri Viouchkov YBCO coil R+D and test: Ulf Trociewitz, Huub Weijers, Patrick Noyes, Bill Shepherd, Ken Pickard, Denis Markiewicz Bi-2212 Coil and test: Ulf Trociewitz, David Myers, Jianyi Jiang, Eric Hellstrom, Huub Weijers, Patrick Noyes YBCO conductor by SuperPower (Venkat Selvamanickam, Yi-Yuan Xie, Drew Hazelton and colleagues) Bi-2212 conductor by Oxford Superconducting Technology (Yibing Huang, Hanping Miao and colleagues) and processing by Jianyi Jiang, Tengming Shen, Michael LoSchiavo, Eric Hellstrom) David Larbalestier National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32310

  2. Themes (November 2008) • All superconducting high field magnets provide a technology pull for HTS conductors • The needed conductors are now here and have been tested in small coils made at the MagLab to B > 30T • An all superconducting user magnet has been designed (~32 T, 34 mm 4K bore) • The January NSF Major research instrumentation program provides a vehicle to seek funding for such a magnet

  3. Some words from the 2008 User Committee report • “The prospect of an all-superconducting 32 tesla magnet is very exciting. This could reduce operating costs while allowing more measurements to be done, particularly for fixed field measurements such as NMR and specific heat, and indeed this is an exciting development for the field as a whole. “

  4. January 2009 Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) Program Submission • MRI: Development of a 32 T All-Superconducting Magnet System using YBa2Cu3O7-x Coated Conductors • PIs: Denis Markiewicz and David Larbalestier, (National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University), and Stephen Julian (Department of Physics, University of Toronto). • The Intellectual Merit of Our Goals: Our goal is an all-superconducting 32 T magnet. The enabling technology is YBCO (YBa2Cu3O7-x) thin-film coated high temperature superconductor (HTS-CC) which has just become available in 0.1-1 km lengths. YBCO CC offer the possibility of transforming superconducting magnet technology, because its 4 K critical fields are well above 100 T, compared to the 30 T of Nb3Sn from which magnets can only made with maximum fields of about 22 T.

  5. 32 T Magnet Parameters Total field 32 T Field inner YBCO coils 17 T Field outer LTS coils 15 T Cold inner bore 32 mm Uniformity 5x10-4 1cm DSV Current 186 A Inductance 436 H Stored Energy 7.54 MJ YBCO Nb3Sn NbTi Good news – fully funded at $2 million over 3 years starting 10/09 – talk by Denis Markiewicz on the tour

  6. The Global Context is provided by COHMAG- Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science – 2004 • Grand magnet challenges: • 30T NMR (All SC) • 60T Hybrid (R + SC ) • 100T Long Pulse (R) All require materials in conductor forms that were not available in 2004 They now are! • Means: • ….the involved communities [users and magnet builders] should cooperate to establish a consortium whose objective would be to address the fundamental materials science and engineering problems that will have to be solved…….. COHMAG report 2004

  7. ..and locally by user demands, the power bill, and the NSF budget…. • Provides the world’s highest magnetic fields • 45T DC in hybrid, 32 mm warm bore • Purely resistive magnets: 35T in 32 mm warm bore, 31 T in 50 mm bore and 19T in 195 mm warm bore • 20 MW resistive magnet ~$2400/hr at full power

  8. 10000 YBCO B Tape Plane YBCO B|| Tape Plane RRP Nb3Sn SuperPower tape used in record breaking NHMFL insert coil 2007 Nb-Ti Compiled from ASC'02 and ICMC'03 papers (J. Parrell OI-ST) 1000 427 filament strand with Ag alloy outer sheath tested at NHMFL 2212 JE (A/mm²) YBCO Insert Tape (B|| Tape Plane) Maximal JE for entire LHC Nb­Ti strand production (CERN-T. Boutboul '07) YBCO Insert Tape (B Tape Plane) 100 Bronze Nb3Sn MgB2 19Fil 24% Fill (HyperTech) MgB2 2212 OI-ST 28% Ceramic Filaments NbTi LHC Production 38%SC (4.2 K) 4543 filament High Sn Bronze-16wt.%Sn-0.3wt%Ti (Miyazaki-MT18-IEEE’04) Nb3Sn RRP Internal Sn (OI-ST) 18+1 MgB2/Nb/Cu/Monel Courtesy M. Tomsic, 2007 Nb3Sn High Sn Bronze Cu:Non-Cu 0.3 10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Applied Field (T) HTS greatly extends the capability at 4K Courtesy Peter Lee www.asc.magnet.fsu.edu

  9. 2 mm Ag 1 mm HTS ~ 30 nm LMO ~ 30 nm Homo-epi MgO 20mm Cu ~ 10 nm IBAD MgO < 0.1 mm 50mm Hastelloy substrate 20mm Cu YBCO Coated conductor by SuperPower (Guilderland NY) – available since mid 2007 • Phenomenal Jc in the YBCO - ~20 x 106 A/cm2 at 25T • YBCO is ~1% of cross-section • 50% is high strength superalloy

  10. YBCO Test Coils – ’09 update SuperPower I. Bmax = 26.8 T ΔB = 7.8 T SuperPower II. Bmax = 27 T ΔB = 7 T NHMFL I. Bmax = 33.8 T ΔB = 2.8 T NHMFL II. Bmax = 20.4 T ΔB = 0.4 T

  11. Bi-2212 round wire technology too – layer winding, cablable conductor • Round wires enable cabling into the high current conductors needed for large magnets or fast ramp magnets Bi2212 Ag-sheathed conductor before heat treatment Bi-2212 filaments after heat treatment Arno Godeke Magnet Group, LBNL

  12. HTS insert coil trends – ’09 update f 163 mm f39 mm Bi-2212 f38 mm YBCO SP 2007 f 87 mm Summary by Weijers

  13. An HEP Collaboration to develop round wire 2212 conductor and coil technology (Arup Ghosh (BNL) , David Larbalestier (FSU), and Alvin Tollestrup (FNAL)) - funded August ‘09 at $4 million over 2 years • Conductor understanding (PIs – Eric Hellstrom (NHMFL) and Terry Holesinger (LANL) • Conductor mechanical properties – Najib Cheggour (NIST) and Arno Godeke (LBNL) • Cable development – Emanuela Barzi (FNAL) and Al McInturff (TAMU/LBNL) • Quench analysis – Soren Prestomon (LBNL) and Justin Schwartz (NCSU) • Coil Development – Ulf Trociewitz (NHMFL) and Arno Godeke (LBNL) • Industrial conductor development – Ken Marken (LANL) and Arup Ghosh (BNL)

  14. Rutherford and Roebel cables needed for large magnets Predicted perp. field Ic of 15 strand, 5 mm wide Roebel YBCO cable – parallel 5-7 times higher • Rutherford cable (flattened, fully transposed cable) works well for round wire 2212 • Major task of the HEP collaboration • YBCO tape cannot be Rutherford cabled but cabling by the Roebel method is possible • Under evaluation by Karlsruhe and General Cable and IRL (NZ) YBCO – Nick Long (IRL) and Andrew Priest (General Cable NZ) Bi-2212 Arno Godeke, Magnet Group, LBNL

  15. Developing the case for a long term R&D effort • Magnet-pull focus • NMR HTS coil • 40 T small HTS coil (31 T background) • Finding the limits (stress, energy density, quench….) • High current cables (e.g. Zeemans) • Conductor-pull focus • YBCO coated conductors are evolving rapidly driven by 40-77K, 0-3 T use – what about 4 K, 20-40 T properties? • Bi-2212 is round wire and multifilament – but has intrinsically poor vortex pinning due to large electronic anisotropy 2212 and YBCO have 3 times the critical fields of Nb3Sn but their conductor technology is still primitive…. What we really want are the vortex pinning properties of YBCO and the grain boundary properties of 2212 Why not…………..?

  16. Timelines and Progress • 2006 – Renewal proposal takes up the COHMAG challenge • 2007 – experimental concentration on 2212 and formation of HEP collaborations, first joint SP-NHMFL YBCO coil • Definition of the key problems of the conductor technology and formation of a focused attack on the issues • New benchmark for a superconducting magnet – 26.8T • 2008 – parallel paths for YBCO and 2212 now clearly warranted • 32 T all superconducting MRI proposal rejected on technicality (too many from FSU) • Multilab 2212 proposal submitted from Fermilab (PIs – Larbalestier and Alvin Tollestrup – BNL/FNAL/LANL/LBNL/NHMFL/NIST • New world record small magnets of 2212 (32T) and YBCO (33.8T) • 2009 – recognition that our R&D program was indeed promising • $2M MRI for 32 T awarded (10/09 start, PIs Markiewicz, Larbalestier and Steve Julian) • $4M awarded by DOE-HEP over 2 years to evaluate the coil-readiness of Bi-2212 (6/09 start) PIs Larbalestier and Alvin Tollestrup (Fermilab) with multilab efforts at BNL, FNAL, LANL, LBNL, NHMFL and NIST

  17. Bi-2212 round wire coil (Trociewitz, Weijers, DCL on Oxford 2212) conductor reached 32.1 T in 31 T background before HT after HT coil specs: • 15 mm ID, 38 mm OD • 100 mm high • 10 layers, 750 turns, 66 m • DB = 1.2 T at 31 T • L ~ 1 mH • slight discoloration of braid at enclosed feed-through • “regular” HT, no visible leaks 15mm spiral results • first HTS wire-wound coil to go beyond 30 T

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