Problem

1. THE DESIGN OF A CARBON NEUTRAL AIRPORT Joel Hannah, Danielle Hettmann, Chris Saleh, Naseer Rashid, CihanYilmaz System Engineering & Operations Research, George Mason University Method of Analysis Context Problem & Need • Design and Code Simulation: Finalize emissions indices and vehicle specific factors for AIT inputs (WBS 2.3) • Test and Validate Simulation: Input data from Denver International and Seattle Tacoma Inventory Results to AIT, compare output from AIT to actual (WBS 2.4, WBS 2.5) • Finalize Design of Experiment: Research European GHG goals, formulate suggestions for proposed US GHG goals (WBS 3.3) • Run Simulation and Analyze Results: Apply AIT to Dulles Airport: Analyze output, compare with formulated goals (WBS 3.1, WBS 3.2) • Conduct Sensitivity Analysis (using Value Hierarchy) (WBS 3.4) • Define Final Design and Develop Recommendations (WBS 3.4) • Problem • Current State: Legislation currently exists for air quality and particulate emissions. As environmental issues become more salient to the public, it is anticipated that a national standard for GHG emissions will be created. • Desired State: Carbon Neutral Airport: To reduce the impact of stationary and non-stationary GHG emissions within the airport paradigm on global environment • Need: • A reporting system is needed to collect and report GHG emissions for stationary and non-stationary sources at airports for the purpose of: • monitoring emissions • verifying compliance • analyzing data to identify sources to reduce emissions output. • Increased aircraft traffic and ground access movement has led to an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Which through climate change, impacts the environment. There is a conflicting stakeholder opinion because of the tradeoff of business and environmental impact. • Aircraft - B757: • 1 landing, 1 takeoff: 4795 kg Jet-A fuel • 30,076.88 kg CO2 • Ground Support Equipmentfor B757: • 11 sources • 36.7409 kg CO2 Design of Experiment Input source data and collect emissions totals from AIT Analyze data to determine largest contributions of emissions Implement proposed alternatives to reduce emissions from inputs Provide recommendations for system optimization based on cost analysis of proposed alternatives • Scope: • Geographically limited to the Landing Take-off (LTO) cycle: 12-nautical mile (NM) radius and Mixing Altitude (3,000 feet above ground) • Tool is limited to only CO2 emissions • Non-Airplane sources of GHGs are limited to the airport paradigm Future Work for SYST495 Analysis Preliminary Results Sample Optimization Requirement: “The airport shall have reduced net CO2 emissions by 50% compared to 2005 level by 2050.” Carbon Neutral Strategy • Aims to remove as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they add to it • Tiered approach to reduce carbon emissions through the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency technologies