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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. The Periodic Table. Dimitri Mendeleev. Mendeleev’s Proposal. Arranged the elements into rows in order of increasing mass. Elements with similar properties were in the same column. Mendeleev ‘s Predictions. Mendeleev predicted where new elements would appear in the table.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 The Periodic Table

  2. Dimitri Mendeleev

  3. Mendeleev’s Proposal Arranged the elements into rows in order of increasing mass. Elements with similar properties were in the same column.

  4. Mendeleev ‘s Predictions Mendeleev predicted where new elements would appear in the table. Properties of new elements showed how useful his periodic table could be.

  5. Homework 5-1 Worksheet Due: 11/5/08

  6. Periodic Table Arrangement of the elements: • Chemical Properties • Atomic Number • Number of Protons

  7. Group Vertical Column Repeating Chemical Properties Increase Mass

  8. Group 11-1B

  9. Groups Same number of Valence Electrons (Number of Electrons in the Outer Energy Level!!)

  10. Group 2 Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra

  11. Periods Horizontal Rows Same Number of Energy Levels

  12. Period - 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne

  13. H - Hydrogen C - Carbon O - Oxygen Fe - Iron (ferrum) He - Helium Cu - Copper (cuprum) Hg - Mercury (hydragyrum) Co - Cobalt Unp - Unnilpentium Names and Chemical Symbols

  14. Same group - Same number of electrons in their outer shells. Group 1 (H) – 1e- Group 2 (Be) – 2e- Group 13 (B) – 3e- Group 14 (C) – 4e- Group 15 (N) – 5e- Group 16 (O) – 6e- Group 17 (F) – 7e- Group 18 (He) – 8e-

  15. Atomic Number(# of Protons) 15 P Symbol AverageAtomic Mass (31) 30.96376 Phosphorus Name

  16. Atomic Mass Unit Atomic mass unit is equal to one-twelfth of the mass of the nucleus of a carbon-12 atom.

  17. Atomic Mass Unit

  18. Atomic Mass Unit p+ Proton: Atomic Mass – 1amu n0 Neutron: Atomic Mass – 1amu

  19. Atomic Mass of 7 amu

  20. Isotopes Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons.

  21. 17 17 Cl Cl 35 37 Isotopes of Chlorine 17 Proton 18 Neutrons 76% 17 Proton 20 Neutrons 24%

  22. Average Weighted Mass of Chlorine 35.453amu

  23. Non- Metals Metalloids Metals

  24. Metals 75% of the Elements!!!

  25. Metals Physical Properties of Metals: • Metallic shine or luster. • Usually solids at room temperature.

  26. Metals 3. Malleable (Hammered, pounded, or pressed into different shapes without breaking.)

  27. Metals 4. Ductile: (Drawn into thin sheets or wires without breaking.) 5. Good conductors of heat and electricity.

  28. Metals Metals tend to give up e-. Na

  29. Most Reactive Metals FranciumMost Active Metal Fr Li

  30. Non-Metals • There are 17 nonmetals. • They have four major physical properties.

  31. Non-Metals Physical Properties 1. Rarely have metallic luster. 2. Usually gases at room temperature.

  32. Non-Metals 3. Nonmetallic solids are neither malleable nor ductile. 4. Poor conductors of heat and electricity.

  33. Non-Metals Non-Metals tend to gain e-. Cl

  34. Most Reactive Non-Metal Fluorine Most Active Non-Metal F I

  35. Metalloids B Si • The seven metalloids are: • B • Si • Ge • As • Sb • Te • Po Ge As Sb Te Po

  36. Metalloid Properties • Characteristics in between that of the metals and the nonmetals. • Sometimes they are good conductors of heat and electricity.

  37. Variations across a Period Across a Period • Less Metallic more Non-Metallic

  38. Homework 5-2 Worksheet Due: 11/13/08

  39. Valence Electrons The electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom.

  40. Valence Electrons Elements in a group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons..

  41. Noble Gases Alkali Metals Halogens Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Boron Alkaline Earth Metals

  42. Li Alkali Metal Na • Group 1A • Very reactive metals. • Do not occur freely in nature. • Only one electron in their outer shell. (1 valence Electron) K Rb Cs Fr Most reactive metal!!!!

  43. Be Alkaline Earth Metal Mg • Group 2A • Very reactive • Not found free in nature. • Two electron in their outer shell. (2 Valence Electron) • Magnesium and Calcium important elements in life. Ca Sr Ba Ra

  44. B Boron Family Al • Group 3A • Three electrons in their outer shell. (3 Valence Electrons) • Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust. Ga In Tl

  45. C Carbon Family Si • Group 4A. • Four electrons in their outer shell. (4 Valence Electrons) • Consists of: • One nonmetal (carbon) • Two metals (tin and lead) • Two metalloids (silicon and germanium). • Except for water, most compounds in your body contain carbon. Ge Sn Pb

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