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Enabling the Organization – Decision Making and Decision Support Systems

Enabling the Organization – Decision Making and Decision Support Systems. Objectives. Course Objectives: Find data and covert it to useful information and knowledge through the development of knowledge-worker applications such as Decision Support Systems (DSS) using Excel

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Enabling the Organization – Decision Making and Decision Support Systems

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  1. Enabling the Organization – Decision Making and Decision Support Systems

  2. Objectives Course Objectives: Find data and covert it to useful information and knowledge through the development of knowledge-worker applications such as Decision Support Systems (DSS) using Excel • Understand the different types of Decision Support Systems (DSS) including AI, ES, NN, and GIS • Understand basic Excel – functions & Web queries; relative and absolute referencing

  3. ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) Intelligent systems – various commercial applications of artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) – What are some characteristics of Intelligence? AI simulates human intelligence such as the ability to reason and learn and typically can: • Learn or understand from experience • Make sense of ambiguous or contradictory information • Use reasoning to solve problems and make decisions

  4. Cnayuoraedtihs? Olny 55 plepoe out of 100 can. i cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are, the olny iproamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it whotuit a pboerlm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Azanmig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

  5. How About This? 7H15 M3554G353RV35 7O PR0V3H0W 0UR M1ND5 C4ND0 4M4Z1NG 7H1NG5!1MPR3551V3 7H1NG5!1N 7H3 B3G1NN1NG17 WA5 H4RD BU7N0W, 0N 7H15 LIN3Y0UR M1ND 1SR34D1NG 174U70M471C4LLYW17H 0U7 3V3N7H1NK1NG 4B0U7 17,B3 PROUD! 0NLYC3R741N P30PL3 C4NR3AD 7H15.PL3453 F0RW4RD 1FU C4N R34D 7H15.

  6. ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) The ultimate goal of AI is the ability to build a system that can mimic human intelligence

  7. ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) The three most common categories of AI include: • Expert systems – computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems – Tax Expert Systems; Eliza (natural language processing); Psychiatrist • Neural Networks – attempts to emulate the way the human brain works • Intelligent agents– special-purposed knowledge-based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users

  8. Expert SystemsComponents of an Expert System

  9. Neural NetworksInside a Neural Network

  10. Intelligent Agents • Intelligent agent- software that assists you, or acts on your behalf, in performing repetitive computer-related tasks. (Second Life) • Four types of intelligent agents include: • Buyer agents or shopping bots • User or personal agents • Monitoring-and-surveillance or predictive agents • Data-mining agents

  11. Intelligent Agents Buyer Agents Buyer agent or shopping bot- an intelligent agent on a Web site that helps the customer find products and services. (Amazon – eBay) Types of filtering include: • Collaborative filtering- a method of placing you in an affinity group of people with the same characteristics. • Profile filtering- requires that you choose terms or enter keywords. • Psychographic filtering- anticipates your preferences based on the answers you give to a questionnaire. • Adaptive filtering- asks you to rate products or situations and also monitors your actions over time to find out what you like and dislike.

  12. User or Personal Agents User agents, or personal agents, are intelligent agents that take action on your behalf. • Check your e-mail, sort it according to the user's order of preference, and alert you when important emails arrive. • Play computer games as your opponent or patrol game areas for you. • Assemble customized news reports for you. There are several versions of these, including newshub and CNN. • Find information for you on the subject of your choice. • Fill out forms on the Web automatically for you, storing your information for future reference • Scan Web pages looking for and highlighting text that constitutes the "important" part of the information there • "Discuss" topics with you ranging from your deepest fears to sports

  13. Intelligent Agents Monitoring-and-Surveillance Agents Monitoring-and-surveillance agents (also called predictive agents) - observe and report on equipment.

  14. Intelligent Agents Data-Mining Agents Data-Mining Agent- operates in a data warehouse discovering information. This agent uses information technology to find trends and patterns in an abundance of information from many different sources

  15. DATA MINING Common forms of data-mining analysis capabilities include • Cluster analysis • Association detection • Statistical analysis

  16. Cluster Analysis Cluster analysis– a technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible CRM systems depend on cluster analysis to segment customer information and identify behavioral traits

  17. Association Detection Association detection– reveals the degree to which variables are related and the nature and frequency of these relationships in the information Market basket analysis – analyzes such items as Web sites and checkout scanner information to detect customers’ buying behavior and predict future behavior by identifying affinities among customers’ choices of products and services

  18. Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis– performs such functions as information correlations, distributions, calculations, and variance analysis • Forecasts – predictions made on the basis of time-series information • Time-series information – time-stamped information collected at a particular frequency 9-18

  19. Intelligent Agents Components of an Intelligent Agent Autonomy - act without your telling them every step to take. Adaptivity - discovering, learning, and taking action independently. Sociability - conferring with other agents.

  20. Geographic Information Systems

  21. How a GIS Works: Components and Technology

  22. Site with Interesting Info on Job Opportunities Related to Big Data Analytics http://www.informationweek.com/software/business-intelligence/big-data-talent-war-10-analytics-job-tre/232700311?pgno=1

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