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From Logic to Passion

The Golden Age of Usability Ben Shneiderman (ben@cs.umd.edu) Director, Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Professor, Department of Computer Science Member, Institutes for Advanced Computer Studies & Systems Research University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. From Logic to Passion.

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From Logic to Passion

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  1. The Golden Age of UsabilityBen Shneiderman (ben@cs.umd.edu)Director, Human-Computer Interaction LaboratoryProfessor, Department of Computer ScienceMember, Institutes for Advanced Computer Studies &Systems ResearchUniversity of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742

  2. From Logic to Passion

  3. From Academic to Political

  4. Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science - Psychology - Library and Information Services (http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)

  5. User Interface Design Goals • Cognitively comprehensible: Consistent, predictable & controllable • Affectively acceptable: Mastery, satisfaction & responsibility NOT: Confusion, frustration & remorse

  6. Design Issues • Input devices & strategies • Keyboards, pointing devices, voice • Direct manipulation, menus, forms, commands • Output devices & formats • Screens, windows, color, sound • Text, tables, graphics, instructions, messages, help • Communication & Collaboration • Manuals, tutorials, training (Designing the User Interface: 3rd Edition) www.aw.com/DTUI

  7. Scientific Approach(beyond user friendly) • Specify users and tasks • Predict and measure • time to learn • speed of performance • rate of human errors • human retention over time • Assess subjective satisfaction(Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) • Accommodate individual differences • Consider social, organizational & cultural context

  8. Commercial Practice - Usability Engineering • User-centered design processes • User and Task Analysis - Hackos and Redish • Contextual Design - Beyer and Holtzblatt • Participatory Design - Muller • LUCID: Logical User Centered Interaction Design - Charlie • Guidelines documents and processes • Expert reviews and usability testing • User interface building tools

  9. Logical User Centered Interaction Design Design Methodology • Management strategy to highlight usability engineering • Processes, Deliverables, and Reviews • Stage 1: Develop Product Concept • Stage 2: Research & Needs Analysis • Stage 3: Design Concepts & Key Screen Prototype • Stage 4: Iterative Design & Refinement • Stage 5: Implement Software • Stage 6: Provide Roll-Out Support (Kreitzberg, Cognetics Corp, 1996, www.cognetics.com)

  10. Information Visualization The eye… the window of the soul, is the principal means by which the central sense can most completely and abundantly appreciate the infinite works of nature. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519)

  11. Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think • Visual bandwidth is enormous • Human perceptual skills are remarkable • Trend, pattern, exception, gap, jump, outlier • Color, size, shape, movement, proximity • Human image storage is fast and vast • Opportunities • Spatial layouts & window coordination • Information visualization • Scientific visualization and simulation • Telepresence and augmented reality • Virtual Environments

  12. Information Visualization: Design Principles Direct manipulation strategies • Visual presentation of query components • Visual presentation of results • Rapid, incremental and reversible actions • Selection by pointing (not typing) • Immediate and continuous feedback • Reduces errors • Encourages exploration

  13. Visual Information Seeking: Mantra • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand

  14. LifeLines: Personal Graphical Histories • Parallel lines color/size coded & grouped in categories • Relationships among lines is viewable • Related documents are viewable on-demand • Zooming or hierarchical browsing allows focus+context • Examples • Youth histories & medical records • Personal resumes, student records & performance reviews • Challenges • Aggregation & alerts Overview & detail views • Easy import & export www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/Research/1997/patientrecord.html

  15. It’s Time to GetAngryAbout the Quality of User Interfaces

  16. The Problem • Computing and information systems are too difficult to install, learn, and use. • Poor designs, system failures, user confusion, errors, and network delays are a national problem. • User frustration and failure are a threat to the economy, safety and health • Privacy and security abuses impede electronic commerce and medical informatics

  17. Proposal: White House Conference on Usability • Fall 1998 • Include: • industry leaders • government policy makers • academic researchers • Establish Goals • Call for Action

  18. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) • "The diffusion of information... I deem [one of] the essential principles of our government" --1st Inaugural Address, 1801.

  19. National Goals • To ensure that all Americans have access to and can use online information, communication, entertainment, and services. • To offer safe and reliable designs for life-critical applications in medical, transportation, disaster relief, and military systems. • To facilitate the growth of electronic commerce and medical informatics by ensuring privacy and security.

  20. National Goals • To support education, medicine, office automation, manufacturing, and other applications by ensuring comprehensibility through consistent, predictable, and controllable user interfaces. • To raise the level of computer user mastery, satisfaction, and responsibility.

  21. Actions: Government, Industry & Academia • Raise the importance of and expectations for usability and quality in system design. • Encourage industry to voluntarily develop strategies to ensure, measure, and warrant usability and high quality. • Develop non-governmental consumer agencies to evaluate and endorse products.

  22. Actions: Government, Industry & Academia • Require professional certification for designers and system architects • Prescribe Societal Impact Statements with open discussion in the early stages for new public infrastructure systems. • Encourage state education authorities to set goals for technology integration in K-12 curricula.

  23. Actions: Government, Industry & Academia • Train teachers in computing skills and information technology use in education. • Increase support for research and education in human-computer interaction. • Give awards for best products and processes.

  24. Closing Philosophy How do we use the power of technology without adapting to it so completely that we ourselves behave like machines, lost in the levers and cogs, lonesome for the love of life, hungry for the thrill of directly experiencing the vivid intensity of the ever-changing moment. Al Gore, Earth in the Balance, 1992

  25. Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory www.cs.umd.edu/hcil

  26. For More Information • Visit the HCIL website for 140 papers & info on videos http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil • See Chapter 15 on Info Visualization Shneiderman, B., Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction: Third Edition (1998) http://www.aw.com/DTUI • Look for our new book of readings: Card, S., Mackinlay, J., and Shneiderman, B.Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think

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