KNR 273

1. KNR 273 Definition of Profession / History of TR

2. Overview • Questions about syllabus • Definition of profession • History of TR

3. What is a Profession? • A skilled profession performed for pay • Requires extensive education • Altruistic calling to meet a public need & to profession • Professional organization as major reference • Follows a code of ethics and standards of practice • Base practices on acceptable & scientific theories & principles

4. What is a Profession? • Body of knowledge • Theory • History • Technical knowledge

5. TR Knowledge • Know-how • Technical knowledge (documentation, programming) • Know-what • Purposes of TR • Know-why • Theory Know-whether • Moral judgment, ethics • Know-who

6. A TR Professional… • Continues to grow and learn • Follows the TR process • Services based on a practice model • Uses evidence-based practice • Provides professional service & community service • Contributes to the body of knowledge

7. History of TR • Why study the history of TR? • Knowing roots of a profession is critical to understand the present & shape the future • Carter, Van Andel, & Robb (1995)

8. TR History • Carter, Van Andel, & Robb (1995) • Since the dawn of time • 1800-1935: Prenatal • 1935-1965: Birth and Infancy • 1966-1980: Childhood • 1981-1990: Adolescence • 1991-present: Young Adulthood

9. 1800-1935: Prenatal • Health care reform • Phillippe Pinel – moral treatment • Benjamin Rush – therapeutic value of recreation for psychiatric clients • Florence Nightingale – humanitarian institutional reform • Development of a public & private hospital system • Dorthea Dix – more institutions to decrease overcrowding in jails

10. 1800-1935 (Cont.) • Rise of playground movement • Industrial Revolution • Luther Gulick – YMCA • Joseph Lee – Playground Assoc. of America • Recreation as a tool in rehabilitation • Lincoln State School and Colony in IL – study that folks with DD made better adjustment with play activities • American Red Cross - WWI

11. 1935-1965: Birth & Infancy • WWII & Red Cross • Recreation programs in hospitals • Provide meaningful recreation for pleasure and enjoyment • Recreation for all • End • Menninger Clinic • Recreation as treatment or therapy • Treat or remediate illness or disability • Means to end

12. 1935-1965 (Cont.) • 1948: Hospital Recreation Section (HRS) of American Recreation Society • 1952: Recreation Therapy Section of American Association for Health, PE, and Recreation • 1953: National Association of Recreational Therapists (NART) • 1953: Council for Advancement of Hospital Recreation

13. 1935-1965 (Cont.) • 1956: Voluntary Registration Plan • 1955-1959: 1st textbooks • Educational programs also began in this period • 1963: “Therapeutic Recreation” term used

14. 1966-1980: Childhood • 1965: National Recreation and Park Association • 1966: National Therapeutic Recreation Society • 1967: Therapeutic Recreation Journal started • 1971: 1st Midwest Symposium on TR • 1976: NRPA/AALR set standards for TR curricula

15. 1981-1990: Adolescence • 1981: National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC) • 1982: NTRS Philosophical Position Statement • 1984: American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) • 1987: ATRA Philosophical Statement • Modified therapy

16. 1990-Present: Young Adulthood • 1987: NCTRC job analysis • 1990: 1st NCTRC exam • 1993: ATRA try to change to ARTA American Recreation Therapy Assoc. • 1998: Alliance for Therapeutic Recreation • 1999: Crisis in higher education – not enough PhDs

17. 1990-Present: Young Adulthood • 2005: Therapeutic Recreation Education Conference • 2007: ARTA voted down in 2009 • 2009: ATRA definition with controversy

18. Ch..Ch..Changes • 2010: NRPA changes…branches? Networks? • NOW 1 national professional organization ATRA • NPRA: Inclusion Network

19. TR History • What are your thoughts?