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Module 3C: Vermont Forest Pest First Detector Program

Module 3C: Vermont Forest Pest First Detector Program. Presented by: Rhonda Mace USDA-APHIS. Why Should We Be Concerned about the Asian Longhorned Beetle?. ALB attacks and kills a wide range of native hardwood trees, including maple, elm, birch and ash.

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Module 3C: Vermont Forest Pest First Detector Program

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  1. Module 3C:Vermont Forest Pest First Detector Program Presented by: Rhonda Mace USDA-APHIS
  2. Why Should We Be Concerned about the Asian Longhorned Beetle? ALB attacks and kills a wide range of native hardwood trees, including maple, elm, birch and ash. Infestation can go a years without being detected Insecticides aren’t an economically feasible option for a wide scale infestation 50% of VT forests are host trees
  3. Massachusetts Detected in Boston area in 2010 Ohio Detected in Bethel July 2011 **Chicago, Illinois and Hudson County, New Jersey and Islip, NY has since declared successful eradication of ALB. Map adapted from Jim Esden, VT Forests, Parks, and Recreation 2010 LEAP Workshop
  4. Why is ALB Difficult to Control? ALB often attacks the tops of trees first. ALB has no known natural enemies in the USA or Canada. Detection is based onlyupon visual surveys of trees. Humans can easily aid in the spread of this pest by moving infested wood, especially firewood. Attacks upwards of 24 species of trees
  5. Asian longhorned beetle life cycle
  6. Reproduction 1. Males and females travel infrequently, they use physical contact and pheromones to find mates. 2. Lay eggs in shallow dug-out areas of the bark (oviposition sites) from mid-July-August. 3. Eggs hatch in 10-15 days.
  7. Larvae 1st and 2nd instar larvae feed on the cambium layer. 3rd, 4th and 5th instars feed on and tunnel through the sapwood and heartwood. Larval and pupal stages over-winter in the tree.
  8. Pupae 5th instar develops into a pupa. Pupal stage is approximately 2-3 weeks. After pupation, the insect emerges as an adult.
  9. Adult Beetle Emerge summer to mid Fall. Exit holes- nearly same diameter as a dime and round. Beetle is 1 to 1 ½ inches long. Irregularly shaped white spots on elytra Life span ≥ 2 months.
  10. Adult Beetle cont’d… Lay between 60 to 160 eggs. Adult beetles have 1 generation per year.
  11. Susceptible Tree Genera Maple including boxelder** Elm* Horsechestnut, buckeyes* Birch* Willow* Katsura tree Silk tree Ash London plane Poplar European mountain ash Hackberry **,*=preferred host
  12. Black and white, banded antennae Shiny, black body 1 1/2 Irregular, white, or yellowish splotches Body length is 3/4 to 1 1/2 inches Identifying Adult ALB
  13. Commonly Confused With ALB Whitespotted Sawyer Beetle Native to northeastern US Host trees are coniferous Key differentiating features: White spot between the wing covers of the sawyer. WSS is a bronzy, dull black, while the Asian longhorned beetle is true black and shiny
  14. Commonly Confused With ALB Northeastern Sawyer Beetle Native to northeastern US Host trees are coniferous Key differentiating features: Brown dappled wing covers with dark and light spotting Faint white spot at top of wing covers
  15. Congratulations You have now completed Module 3C. Please return to the First Detector Resource webpage at www.vtinvasives.org and complete the Module 3C Quiz. Rhonda Mace USDA-APHIS-PPQ Rhonda.j.mace@aphis.usda.gov 802-828-4546
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