1 / 31

Cell Division

Learn the process of cell division, mitosis, and meiosis in Honors Biology Chapter 5 & 6-1, 6-2. Understand the difference between mitosis and meiosis, phases of mitosis, cell cycle, and more.

judithemartin
Download Presentation

Cell Division

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cell Division Mitosis vs. Meiosis Honors Biology Ch. 5 & Ch. 6-1, 6-2

  2. Why do cells divide? 1) ______________: • increase number of cells by cell division • _________________________________; occurs via _________ 2) ______________: • _________ reproduction = production of offspring from one parent (in ________); ____________ • _________ reproduction = formation of a new individual from union of 2 sex cells (fertilization of sperm and egg); occurs via ___________

  3. Cell Cycle • the sequence of cell growth and division that occurs in a cell (Interphase) ___ -> ___ -> ___ -> Mitosis/meiosis ____ = rapid growth ____ = DNA synthesis/replication ____ = centrioles replicate

  4. _________ is DNA wrapped around proteins called _________. A _________ has two sister _________ held together by a ___________. Chromtain, Chromatid, Chromsome

  5. 4 Phases of Mitosis • _________ - Chromosomes appear; nuclear membrane disappears; centrioles start migrating to opposite ends; spindle fibers start forming • _________ - Chromosomes line up on spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. • _________ - Centromeres split apart and sister chromatids separate. • _________ - Chromatids reach the opposite ends; chromosomes unwind; spindle breaks down; nuclear membrane reappears; _________ (splitting of cytoplasm);

  6. Phases of Mitosis Analogy Interphase (G1, S, G2) __________________ • Prophase (_________) • Metaphase (___________________) • Anaphase (_______________________) • Telophase (__________________)

  7. Difference between animal and plant cell division • Plant cell forms ______ (_____________ _____________________________) during ___________ whereas animal cell cytoplasm pinches in along the equator. • Plant cells DO NOT have _________.

  8. How is meiosis different from mitosis?

  9. Mitosis ________ reproduction _______cells (body cells) ___ division __ daughter cells formed Daughter cells are _________to parent cells Chromosome # is ___________(_______) No pairing of _________ chromosome No _______________. Meiosis ________ reproduction __________ cells (eggs & sperms = _________) ____ divisions __ daughter cells formed Daughter cells are _____________ identical to parent cells Chromosome # is _____ (________) Pairing of ___________ chromosome __________ btwn _________ chromosome may occur Mitosis vs. Meiosis

  10. Meiosis

  11. # of Chromosomes • Humans have ____ chromosomes in a body cell. ________ • Humans have ____ chromosomes in reproductive cells such as sperm or egg. ________

  12. Fertilization ________ sperm (___) + egg (___) _______ (a fertilized egg ) (___) -> embryo

  13. True or False • Mitosis occurs in sex cells and meiosis occurs in body cells. • Centrioles are involved in cell division in both plants and animals. • Each human body cell has 23 chromosomes. • Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA. • Each chromosome has 2 sister chromatids.

  14. Homologous chromosomes • Each pair of _____________ chromosomes has genes for the ________ ( such as hair color/eye color) arranged in the _________. It may not be exactly identical though b/c of different __________ (forms of genes). • ___________ chromosomes may cross-over during the __________ of ________.

  15. Crossing Over(during _____________)

  16. Meiosis I ___________ chromosomes pair up and ___________ during ___________. ________________split. ___ lines Chromosomes # is ________. Meiosis II ___________ chromosomes do not line up. _______________ split. ___ line Similar to _______ Chromosome # stays as ________. How is Meiosis I different from Meiosis II?

  17. True or False • Homolgous chromosomes line up during the metaphase of mitosis. • Crossing over occurs between 2 sister chromatids. • In meiosis II, sister chromatids split, not homologous chromosomes. • Mitosis produces haploid cells and meiosis produces diploid cells. • Cytokinesis occurs during the anaphase of mitosis and meiosis.

  18. What is Cancer? • ____________ cell division caused by damage to ______ regulating the cell division cycle. • Types of Cancer • _______ - a sedentary mass of cancerous cells • ________ - a moving mass of cancerous cells metastasis

  19. Change in US Death Rates* from 1991 to 2006 Rate Per 100,000 1991 2006 * Age-adjusted to 2000 US standard population. Sources: US Mortality Data, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009.

  20. Causes of Cancer • Carcinogenic chemicals, _______, ______ • Mechanism – ___________. • ________ agents cause mutations in genes that encode for proteins that regulate cell division and growth; cell growth is no longer under control.

  21. Non-disnjunction • chromosomes fail to separate during _________ (an error in ________) • Leads to genetic disorders such as ________, ________ and ________.

  22. Disorders caused by non-disjunction Ex: _________- one too few chromosomes -Turner Syndrome (XO) _________- one too many chromosomes -___________ (trisomy 21) -________________ (XXY)

  23. True or False • Cancer is caused by mutations in genes that control cell cycle. • Non-disjunction that occurs during mitosis affect the offspring. • Down syndrome is monosomy. • Turner syndrome is caused by non-disjunction.

More Related