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Chapter Introduction

Explore the fascinating world of cells, from the discovery of cell theory to the essential macromolecules that sustain life. Learn how water, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates play crucial roles in cell functions. Delve into the development of cell theory and understand the basic substances that form a cell's foundation.

judyholloway
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Chapter Introduction

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  1. How do the structures and processes of a cell enable it to survive? Chapter Introduction

  2. Cells and Life • How did scientists’ understanding of cells develop? • What basic substances make up a cell? Lesson 1 Reading Guide

  3. Cells and Life • cell theory • macromolecule • nucleic acid • protein • lipid • carbohydrate Lesson 1 Reading Guide

  4. Understanding Cells • English scientist Robert Hooke first identified cells over 300 years ago while looking at cork under a microscope he built. • After Hooke’s discovery, other scientists began to use better microscopes to identify different structures in the cells of plants and animals. Lesson 1

  5. Cell theoryincludes three principles. Getty Images Lesson 1

  6. Understanding Cells (cont.) How did scientists’ understanding of cells develop? Lesson 1

  7. Basic Cell Substances • The main ingredient in any cell is water. A water molecule has two areas: • The negative (–) end can attract the positive part of another substance. • The positive (+) end can attract the negative part of another substance. Lesson 1

  8. Basic Cell Substances (cont.) Water and salt both have positive and negative parts. FoodCollection/SuperStock Lesson 1

  9. Basic Cell Substances (cont.) Macromoleculesare necessary substances in cells, formed by joining many small molecules together. macromolecule from Greek makro–, means “long”; and Latin molecula, means “mass” Lesson 1

  10. Basic Cell Substances (cont.) • There are four types of macromolecules in cells: • Nucleic acidsare macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together. • Proteinsare long chains of amino acid molecules. Lesson 1

  11. Basic Cell Substances (cont.) • Lipidsare large macromolecules that do not dissolve in water. • Carbohydratesstore energy, provide structural support, and are needed for communication between cells. Lesson 1

  12. Each type of macromolecule has unique functions in the cell. Lesson 1

  13. Basic Cell Substances (cont.) What basic substances make up a cell? Lesson 1

  14. The cell theory summarizes the main principles for understanding that the cell is the basic unit of life. Getty Images Lesson 1

  15. Water is the main ingredient in every cell. Lesson 1

  16. A nucleic acid, such as DNA, contains the genetic information for a cell. Lesson 1

  17. What was Robert Hooke looking at under a microscope when he first identified molecules? A. pond water B. skin C. cork D. plants Lesson 1

  18. What is the term for substances formed by joining many molecules together? A. macromolecules B. cells C. proteins D. lipids Lesson 1

  19. What are large macromolecules that do not dissolve in water? A. carbohydrates B. nucleic acids C. lipids D. proteins Lesson 1

  20. 1. Nonliving things have cells. 2. Cells are made mostly of water. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 1

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