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Chemotrophy and Mitocondria

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Chemotrophy and Mitocondria

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    1. Chemotrophy and Mitocondria Aerobic Respiration

    2. Cellular Respiration How do cells make use of the potential energy present in chemical bonds of the nutrient molecules? What is the role of NAD+ and FAD in these reactions? How do cells that cannot make use of oxygen obtain energy?

    3. Glycolysis What happens during this process?

    4. Fate of Pyruvate In cells that cannot use oxygen, or when oxygen is not available, what happens to the pyruvate generated by glycolysis?

    5. Fermentation Reactions Why is fermentation to either lactate or ethanol important to the cell? What is true about the end products with respect to energy?

    6. Regulation of Glycolysis

    7. Role of Mitocondria in Respiration

    8. Mitocondrial Structure

    9. Mitocondrial Structure What do we know about the different components of a mitocondrion? How does the size, shape and number vary?

    10. Mitocondrial Function Where in the mitocondria do various functions take place?

    11. Mitocondrial Function How is membrane structure intimately connected with mitocondrial function?

    12. TCA or Krebs Cycle Before this cycle can take place, pyruvate from glycolysis must be converted to acetyl CoA. How and where does this take place?

    13. Coenzyme A

    14. TCA or Krebs Cycle

    15. TCA or Krebs Cycle Where is most of the energy from the Krebs cycle? Why is this cycle central to metabolism?

    16. TCA or Krebs Cycle Besides glycolysis what other process fuels this cycle?

    17. TCA or Krebs Cycle What is the connection between protein degradation and the TCA cycle?

    18. TCA or Krebs Cycle How else does the TCA cycle contribute to the cell’s metabolism?

    19. TCA or Krebs Cycle How is the TCA cycle regulated?

    20. Glyoxylate Cycle What is the glyoxylate cycle and how is it used?

    21. Electron Transport What takes place during electron transport?

    22. Electron Transport What is meant by the reducing potential and how does this apply to the ets? What are the different kinds of carriers in the ets?

    23. Electron Transport

    24. Reduction Potential How do we determine the e- transfer potential of an ets component?

    25. Reduction Potential Actual reduction potential El = Elo RT/nF ln ox.form/red.form ?Gol = nF?Elo

    26. Electron Transport System

    27. Electron Transport System

    28. Oxidative Phosphorylation What is involved in this process? How is electron transport coupled to ATP synthesis?

    29. Oxidative Phosphorylation

    30. Oxidative Phosphorylation What regulates the rate of oxidative phosphorylation? How much ATP is generated for each O2 consumed?

    31. Oxidative Phosphorylation What evidence supports the chemiosmotic hypothesis?

    32. ATP Synthesis How did Racker show that membrane particles were involved in ATP synthesis?

    33. ATP Synthesis What are the components of FoF1 ATP synthase?

    34. ATP Synthesis

    35. ATP Synthesis

    36. Aerobic Respiration What is maximum yield of ATP? 36-38 ATP What determines this?36-38 ATP What determines this?

    37. Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle occurs in muscle & brain; in heart, liver, kidney a different shuttle used – malate aspartate shuttle – used NAD+ on matrix side – get 38 ATP some energy of proton gradient may not be used for ATP synthesis but to drive transport of other molecules across membraneoccurs in muscle & brain; in heart, liver, kidney a different shuttle used – malate aspartate shuttle – used NAD+ on matrix side – get 38 ATP some energy of proton gradient may not be used for ATP synthesis but to drive transport of other molecules across membrane

    38. Other Transport Systems

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