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Which factor makes water an effective solvent? A. The presence of molecular oxygen

Two groups of 100 carrot seeds were used in an investigation to test for the influence of temperature on germination of seeds. One group was kept at 20˚C and the other at 10˚C. All other conditions were the same. Observations made during the investigation are found in the data table below.

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Which factor makes water an effective solvent? A. The presence of molecular oxygen

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  1. Two groups of 100 carrot seeds were used in an investigation to test for the influence of temperature on germination of seeds. One group was kept at 20˚C and the other at 10˚C. All other conditions were the same. Observations made during the investigation are found in the data table below. According to this investigation what is the difference in the number of seeds germinated on day 10? A. 15 B. 20 C. 30 D. 35

  2. Which factor makes water an effective solvent? A. The presence of molecular oxygen B. Its lack of covalent bonds C. The polar nature of its molecules D. Its abundance on Earth’s surface

  3. Which of the following will allow measurement of a liquid’s volume with the greatest precision? A C D B

  4. CELLULARRESPIRATION Aerobic respiration

  5. Aerobic respiration – respiration that REQUIRES OXYGEN • Anaerobic respiration- respiration that DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN

  6. Food to Energy • Carbohydrates–main source of energy Carbs are broken down into glucose. • Remember, glucose is a monosaccharide • Carbs→Glucose→Energy

  7. Cellular Respiration (CR) • PURPOSE: make energy by breaking down glucose using O2 • AKA: Aerobic Respiration Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Water + E C6H12O6 + 6O2→6CO2 + 6H2O + E (reactants) (products) ***What do you recognize about this equation? Enzymes

  8. 3 Steps of Cellular Respiration C C 2 ATP 32 ATP C Glucose C 2 ATP GLUCOSE C C KREBS CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT GLYCOLYSIS

  9. STEP 1: Glycolysis • Means - “Cutting glucose” • Happens in the CYTOPLASM • OneGLUCOSE(a 6-carbon sugar) molecule is broken in half to create Pyruvic Acid/Pyruvate • 2 ATP created

  10. What is the main product of glycolysis? A. ATP B. Pyruvate C. Sucrose ATP D. Starch, ATP, ADP

  11. Where does glycolysis take place? • A. Mitochondria • B. Chloroplast • C. Cytoplasm • D. Vacuole

  12. STEP 2: KREBS CYCLE • IT IS A CYCLE • Happens in the MITOCHONDRIA • Pyruvic Acid broken down into carbon dioxide • 2 ATP created

  13. During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. In which organelle does the Krebs Cycle take place? • A. chloroplast • B. nucleus • C. mitochondria • D. cytoplasm

  14. Step 3:Electron Transport Chain(ETC) • Happens in the MITOCHONDRIA. • Oxygen used to create the majority of energy!!!!!! • 32 ATP created

  15. 1 GLUCOSE MOLECULE PRODUCES: WITH OXYGEN • 2 ATP in Glycolysis • 2 ATP in Krebs • 32 ATP in ETC = 36 ATP!

  16. Cellular respiration consists of three stages that captures some of the chemical energy available in food molecules and uses it to produce ATP. Which of the following indicates, in the correct order, the main stages of cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen? A. Krebs Cycle  Glycolysis  Electron Transport Chain B. Glycolysis  Krebs Cycle  Electron Transport Chain C. Electron Transport Chain  Krebs Cycle  Glycolysis D. Krebs Cycle  Electron Transport Chain  Glycolysis

  17. FERMENTATION AKA: Anaerobic Respiration- no oxygen

  18. Lactic Acid Fermentation (LAF) Glucose Lactic acid (LA) • Where? • Muscles, some bacteria • When? • After strenuous exercise, there is not enough O2 in muscles for CR to take place. Therefore, cells create LA, which causes pain – muscle fatigue No oxygen

  19. Which process results in muscle fatigue and cramping in humans after exercise? A. photosynthesis B. lactic acid fermentation C. alcoholic fermentation D. aerobic respiration

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