The Civil War

1. The Civil War American History I - Unit 8 Ms. Brown

2. Review • What 2 things did the Kansas-Nebraska Act do? • Created the Kansas and Nebraska Territories • Repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by opening the territories up to slavery • How was slavery to be determined in the Kansas and Nebraska territories? • Slavery decided by popular sovereignty (vote) • Why did settlers rush to Kansas after the Kansas-Nebraska Act? • To establish residency to vote on/against slavery • What did the term “Bleeding Kansas” refer to? • The violence in Kansas between pro and antislavery groups • What violent event happened in the Senate due to slavery debates? • Brooks beat Sumner with a cane for making remarks about his uncle and slavery

3. 8.3 – New Political Parties

4. Political Shifts • By the 1850s, political parties had changed due to debates over: • Slavery • Expansion • Immigration • The economy • Wars

5. Whig Party • Established 1834 • Dissolved in 1854 due to differing beliefs (slavery) • Beliefs • Pro-strong federal government • Northern Whigs – opposed the Fugitive Slave Act, mixed on Compromise of 1850 • Southern Whigs – wanted slavery, supported the Compromise of 1850 to appear pro-Union • Important People • POTUSs: Harrison, Tyler, Taylor, Fillmore • Clay and Webster

6. Democratic Party • Established 1840 • Formerly the “Democratic-Republicans” • Actually resemble today’s Republicans • Beliefs • States’ rights • Limited federal government • Divided on slavery – leave it as a territory/state issue • Important People • POTUSs: Jackson, Polk • Douglas

7. Know-Nothing Party • Established 1854 • Nickname for the “American Party” • Very secretive and exclusive, secret handshakes and passwords • Beliefs • Nativism – the favoring of native-born Americans over immigrants • Anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic • Divided over slavery • Important People • Fillmore ran for POTUS in 1856

8. Free-Soil Party • Established 1848 • Formed in response to the failure of the Wilmot Proviso • Most will join the Republican party in 1854 • Beliefs • No slavery in new territories • Split on abolition • Northern economy relied on unskilled labor –not slaves • Extension of slavery threatened industrialization • Slavery could exist where already practiced • Important People • Van Buren (left Dem party), Horace Mann

9. Election of 1852 • Democrat – Franklin Pierce • Whig – Winfield Scott • Free-Soilers – John Hale • 14th POTUS = Pierce • Limited fed. gov’t • States’ rights • Popular sovereignty to decide slavery • Supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act • Weak leadership – 1 term POTUS

10. Republican Party • Established 1854 • Founded in a meeting with northern Whigs, anti-slavery Democrats, and Free-Soilers • Beliefs • Anti-slavery in new territories • Anti-Kansas-Nebraska Act • Gained a lot of Northern support Anti-Democratic party cartoon supported by Republicans

11. Republican Party • Important People • Rep. Abraham Lincoln (Illinois) – very unsettled by the Kansas-Nebraska Act • Horace Greeley – anti-slavery expansion, founder/editor of the New York Tribune newspaper that he used to spread Republican ideas • John C. Frémont – Mexican-American War hero in California, anti-slavery in new territories

12. Political Parties in 1850s

13. Election of 1856 • Democrat – James Buchanan • Northerner but had many Southern allies • Foreign minister to Great Britain, out of the country during the debates over the Kansas-Nebraska Act  no enemies in the North or South • Republican – John C. Frémont • Supported by some Know-Nothings • Know-Nothing – Millard Fillmore • Previously a Whig, but Whig party was gone

14. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements. Frémont Transcendentalist – “The first thing we want is a law making the use of tobacco, animal food [meat), and Lager-bier a capital crime…”

15. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements. Frémont Feminist wearing bloomers and smoking – “We demand, first of all, the recognition of Woman as the equal of man, with a right to vote and hold office…”

16. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements. Frémont Poor drunk – “An equal division of property, that is what I go in for…”

17. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements. Frémont Woman from Oneida community - “I wish to invite you to the meeting of our Free Love association, where the shackles of marriage are not tolerated and perfect freedom exists in love matters, and you will be sure to enjoy yourself, for we are all Freemounters…”

18. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements. Frémont Catholic priest - “We look to you sir, to place the power of the Pope on a firm footing in this country…”

19. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements. Frémont Black man in fake-”Dandy” attire (represents abolition) - “De Poppylation ob color comes in first, arter dat, you may do wot you pleases…” (The population of color comes in first, after that, you may do what you please.)

20. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements. Frémont Frémont - “You shall all have what you desire… and be sure that the Glorious Principles of Popery, Fourierism [transcendentalism], Free Love, Woman’s Rights, the Maine law [alcohol prohibition], and above all the Equality of our Colored Brethern shall be maintained if I get into the Presidential Chair.”

21. Election of 1856 • 15th POTUS = Buchanan • Democrat • What was learned from this election? • Know-Nothings were on the decline. • Democrats (typically southern party) could compete in the North. • The young Republican party was a force in the North and was not to be underestimated.